Dajin ruwan sama

Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba.

dazuzzuka ne da ke da alamun rufewa da ci gaba da bishiyoyi, tsire-tsire masu dogara da danshi, kasancewar epiphytes da lianas da rashin gobarar daji. Ana iya rarraba gandun daji gabaɗaya a matsayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ko gandun daji masu matsakaici, amma an bayyana wasu nau'ikan.

Kimanin ya bambanta daga 40% zuwa 75% na dukkan nau'ikan halittu na asali ne ga gandun daji.^[1] Akwai yiwuwar miliyoyin nau'ikan shuke-shuke, kwari da microorganisms har yanzu ba a gano su ba a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. An kira gandun daji na wurare masu zafi "kayan ado na Duniya" da kuma "mafi girman kantin magani a duniya", saboda an gano fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na magunguna halitta a can.^[2]

dazuzzuka da nau'ikan gandun daji na musamman suna ɓacewa cikin sauri saboda lalacewar gandun daji, sakamakon asarar mazaunin da gurɓataccen yanayi.^[3]

Ana nuna gandun daji ta hanyar rufewa da ci gaba da itace, zafi mai yawa, kasancewar ciyayi masu dogara da danshi, layin layin ganye, kasancewar epiphytes da lianas da rashin gobarar daji. Yankunan da suka fi girma a cikin gandun daji sune gandun daji na wurare masu zafi ko na matsakaici, amma an bayyana wasu ƙungiyoyin ciyayi ciki har da gandun daji mai zafi, gandun daji, gandun dajin girgije, bishiyar inabi har ma da gandun dabara mai bushe. ^{[4] [5][6][7][8]}

Kudancin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi suna da yanayin zafi da rigar ba tare da lokacin fari ba: yawanci ana samun su a cikin digiri 10 a arewa da kudu na ma'auni. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na kowane wata ya wuce 18 °C (64 °F) ° C (64 ° F) a duk watanni na shekara. Matsakaicin Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ba kasa da 168 centimetres (66 in) in) kuma yana iya wuce 1,000 centimetres (390 in) cm (390 in) kodayake yawanci yana tsakanin 175 centimetres (69 in) in) da 200 centimetres (79 in) in). ^[9]

Yawancin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na duniya suna da alaƙa da wurin da ake ciki, wanda aka fi sani da Yankin haɗuwa da wurare masu zafi. Ƙananan rukunin gandun daji masu zafi suna cikin Yankin equatorial tsakanin Tropic of Cancer da Tropic of Capricorn. Akwai gandun daji na wurare masu zafi a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya (daga Myanmar (Burma) ) zuwa Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea da Sri Lanka; kuma a cikin Afirka ta Kudu daga Kamaru zuwa Kongo (Kongo Rainforest), Amurka ta Kudu (misali gandun daji ta Amazon), Amurka ta tsakiya (misali Bosawás, kudancin Yucatán Peninsula-El Peten-Belize-Calakmul), Australia, da kuma Tsibirin Pacific (kamar Hawaii'i'i). An kira gandun daji na wurare masu zafi " huhu na Duniya", kodayake yanzu an san cewa gandun daji suna ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga iskar oxygen ga yanayi ta hanyar photosynthesis.^[10][11]

dazuzzuka masu zafi sun rufe babban bangare na duniya, amma gandun daji masu zafi suna faruwa ne kawai a wasu yankuna a duniya.^[12][13] dazuzzuka masu zafi sune gandun daji a yankuna masu zafi. Suna faruwa a Arewacin Amurka (a cikin Pacific Northwest a Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon da California), a Turai (wasu sassa na Tsibirin Burtaniya kamar yankunan bakin teku na Ireland da Scotland, kudancin Norway, sassa na yammacin Balkans tare da bakin tekun Adriatic, da kuma Galicia da yankunan bakin tekun gabashin Black Sea, gami da Georgia da bakin tekuna na Turkiyya), a Gabashin Asiya (a kudancin Chile, Highlands na Taiwan, da Koriya, da kuma Tsibirin Sakhalin da ke kusa da Gabashin Gabashin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Gabashin Rasha da Gabashin Amurka), a Gabas ta Kudu (Kudancin Rasha) ^[14]

Kyakkyawan gandun daji suna da shimfiɗa mai buɗewa fiye da sauran gandun daji, ^[15] kuma ana samun su a yankunan da ke da ruwan sama mai yawa (630-1,100 in)). Gabaɗaya suna da nau'o'i biyu na bishiyoyi.^[16]

Kudancin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi yawanci yana da yadudduka da yawa, kowannensu yana da tsire-tsire da dabbobi daban-daban da suka dace da rayuwa a wannan yanki. Misalan sun haɗa da fitowar, canopy, understory da kuma gandun daji.^[17][18]

'Layer mai fitowa' ya ƙunshi ƙananan manyan bishiyoyi da ake kira emergent, waɗanda ke girma sama da rufin gaba ɗaya, suna kaiwa tsawo na 45-55 m, kodayake a wasu lokuta wasu nau'o'in zasu girma zuwa 70-80 m tsawo.^[19] Suna buƙatar su iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi da iska mai ƙarfi da ke faruwa a sama da rufin a wasu yankuna. Eagles, butterflies, bats da wasu birai suna zaune a wannan Layer.

1. ↑ "Rainforests.net – Variables and Math". Archived from the original on 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
2. ↑ "Rainforests at Animal Center". Animalcorner.co.uk. 2004-01-01. Archived from the original on 2012-07-08. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
3. ↑ "Impact of Deforestation – Extinction". Rainforests.mongabay.com. Retrieved 2012-08-26.
4. ↑ "Rainforests". Wet Tropics Management Authority. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
5. ↑ "Rainforests". The State of Queensland. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
6. ↑ "Rainforests". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and heritage. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
7. ↑ "Dry Rainforest". Tasmanian Government Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
8. ↑ "Western Sydney Dry Rainforest" (PDF). New South Wales Government Department of Planning, Industry and Environment. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
9. ↑ Newman, Arnold. The Tropical Rainforest : A World Survey of Our Most Valuable Endangered Habitat : With a Blueprint for Its Survival. New York: Checkmark, 2002. Print.
10. ↑ Broeker, Wallace S. (2006). "Breathing easy: Et tu, O₂." Columbia University Columbia.edu
11. ↑ Moran, Emilio F. (1993). "Deforestation and land use in the Brazilian Amazon". Human Ecology. 21: 1–21. doi:10.1007/BF00890069. S2CID 153481315.
12. ↑ Link, Timothy E.; Unsworth, Mike; Marks, Danny (August 2004). "The dynamics of rainfall interception by a seasonal temperate rainforest". Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 124 (3–4): 171–191. Bibcode:2004AgFM..124..171L. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.01.010.
13. ↑ Cunningham, S. C.; Read, J. (January 2003). "Do temperate rainforest trees have a greater ability to acclimate to changing temperatures than tropical rainforest trees?". New Phytologist. 157 (1): 55–64. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00652.x. PMID 33873691 Check |pmid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
14. ↑ "The Temperate Rainforest".
15. ↑ Coleby-Williams, Jerry (2020). "Kumbartcho Dry Rainforest". Gardening Australia. ABC. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
16. ↑ "Identification of Rainforest: Field Guide" (PDF). Department of Environment and Conservation. NSW Government. 2004. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
17. ↑ Denslow, J S (November 1987). "Tropical Rainforest Gaps and Tree Species Diversity". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 18 (1): 431–451. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.18.110187.002243.
18. ↑ Webb, Len (1 Oct 1959). "A Physiognomic Classification of Australian Rain Forests". Journal of Ecology. British Ecological Society : Journal of Ecology Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 551-570. 47 (3): 551–570. Bibcode:1959JEcol..47..551W. doi:10.2307/2257290. JSTOR 2257290.
19. ↑ "Sabah". Eastern Native Tree Society. Retrieved 2007-11-14.