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<html><head><title>2019 Atomic Weights</title>

</head><body>

<center><b><a href="http://www.ciaaw.org">IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights</a>.</b><p>

<h1><b>ATOMIC WEIGHTS OF THE ELEMENTS 2019</b></h1><p>

These tables are based on the <a href="AtWt15.html">2015 table</a> with changes from the 2015 table for the values of aluminium, argon, cobalt, gold, holmium, iridium, manganese, niobium, praseodymium, protactinium, rhodium, terbium, thulium and yttrium. See <a href="http://iupac.org/standard-atomic-weights-of-14-chemical-elements-revised/">report 5 June 2018</a>. The revised value of hafnium was reported <a href="https://iupac.org/standard-atomic-weight-of-hafnium-revised/">11 December 2019</a><p>

<span style="color: #ff000"><b>https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iupac/AtWt/ </b></span></center><p>

World Wide Web version of atomic weight data originally prepared by <a href="mailto:g.p.moss@qmul.ac.uk">G. P. Moss</a>, from a file provided by D. R. Lide.<p>

Previous values may be consulted from the <a href = "AtWt93.html">1993 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt95.html">1995 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt97.html">1997 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt99.html">1999 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt01.html">2001 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt05.html">2005 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt07.html">2007 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt09.html">2009 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt11.html">2011 table</a>, the <a href = "AtWt13.html">2013 table</a> or the <a href = "AtWt15.html">2015 table</a>.<p>

The standard atomic weights of twelve elements having two or more stable isotopes have variability of atomic-weight values in natural terrestrial materials. These are given in <a href="#01">table 1</a> below. In the other lists the values quoted are those suggested for material where the origin of the sample is unknown. For radioactive elements the isotope with the longest half-life is quoted in parenthesis. The original paper should be consulted for full details of the variation in atomic weight and the half life of the radioisotopes quoted below. <p>

A number in parentheses indicates the uncertainty in the last digit of the atomic weight. <p>

See below for the elements listed in <a href="#02">Atomic Number Order</a> or <a href="#03">Name order</a>.<p>

See also a copy of the <a href="table.html">periodic table</a> with atomic weights to five significant figures.<p>

<center><a name="01"><h3><b>Table 1. List of Elements with Range of Atomic Weights.</b></h3></a><p>

<tr><td>At No     </td><td>Symbol     </td><td>Name                 </td><td>Minimum Atomic Wt     </td><td>Maximum Atomic Wt</td></tr>

<tr><td>1</td><td>H</td><td>hydrogen</td><td>    1.007 84</td><td>    1.008 11</td></tr>

<tr><td>3</td><td>Li</td><td>lithium</td><td>    6.938</td><td>    6.997</td></tr>

<tr><td>5</td><td>B</td><td>boron</td><td>  10.806</td><td>  10.821</td></tr>

<tr><td>6</td><td>C</td><td>carbon</td><td>  12.0096</td><td>  12.0116</td></tr>

<tr><td>7</td><td>N</td><td>nitrogen</td><td>  14.006 43</td><td>  14.007 28</td></tr>

<tr><td>8</td><td>O</td><td>oxygen</td><td>  15.999 03</td><td>  15.999 77</td></tr>

<tr><td>12</td><td>Mg</td><td>magnesium</td><td>  24.304</td><td>  24.307</td></tr>

<tr><td>14</td><td>Si</td><td>silicon</td><td>  28.084</td><td>  28.086</td></tr>

<tr><td>16</td><td>S</td><td>sulfur</td><td>  32.059</td><td>  32.076</td></tr>

<tr><td>17</td><td>Cl</td><td>chlorine</td><td>  35.446</td><td>  35.457</td></tr>

<tr><td>18</td><td>Ar</td><td>argon</td><td>  39.792</td><td>  39.963</td></tr>

<tr><td>35</td><td>Br</td><td>bromine</td><td>  79.901</td><td>  79.907</td></tr>

<tr><td>81</td><td>Tl</td><td>thallium</td><td>204.382</td><td>204.385</td></tr>

</table></center><p>

See original paper for the range of these elements from different sources [Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report), <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/pac.2016.88.issue-12/pac-2016-0302/pac-2016-0302.xml"><i>Pure Appl. Chem.</i> 2016, <b>88</b>(12), 1203-1224.</a> and <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2018-0916/html"> <i>Pure Appl. Chem.</i> 2021, <b>93</b>(1), 155-166</a>]<p>

<center><a name="02"><h3><b>Table 2. List of Elements in Atomic Number Order.</b></h3></a><p>

<tr><td>At No     </td><td>Symbol     </td><td>Name</td><td>Atomic Wt</td><td>Notes</td></tr>

<tr><td>1</td><td>H</td><td>Hydrogen</td><td>1.008</td><td>3, 5</td></tr>

<tr><td>2</td><td>He</td><td>Helium</td><td>4.002 602(2)</td><td>1, 2</td></tr>

<tr><td>3</td><td>Li</td><td>Lithium</td><td>6.94</td><td>3, 5</td></tr>

<tr><td>4</td><td>Be</td><td>Beryllium</td><td>9.012 1831(5)</td></tr>

<tr><td>5</td><td>B</td><td>Boron</td><td>10.81</td><td>3, 5</td></tr>

<tr><td>6</td><td>C</td><td>Carbon</td><td>12.011</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>7</td><td>N</td><td>Nitrogen</td><td>14.007</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>8</td><td>O</td><td>Oxygen</td><td>15.999</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>9</td><td>F</td><td>Fluorine</td><td>18.998 403 163(6)</td></tr>

<tr><td>11</td><td>Na</td><td>Sodium</td><td>22.989 769 28(2)     </td></tr>

<tr><td>12</td><td>Mg</td><td>Magnesium</td><td>24.305</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>13</td><td>Al</td><td>Aluminium</td><td>26.981 5384(3)</td></tr>

<tr><td>14</td><td>Si</td><td>Silicon</td><td>28.085</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>15</td><td>P</td><td>Phosphorus</td><td>30.973 761 998(5)</td></tr>

<tr><td>16</td><td>S</td><td>Sulfur</td><td>32.06</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>17</td><td>Cl</td><td>Chlorine</td><td>35.45</td><td>3, 5</td></tr>

<tr><td>18</td><td>Ar</td><td>Argon</td><td>39.948(1)</td><td>1, 2, 5</td></tr>

<tr><td>19</td><td>K</td><td>Potassium</td><td>39.0983(1)</td><td></td></tr>

<tr><td>20</td><td>Ca</td><td>Calcium</td><td>40.078(4)</td><td></td></tr>

<tr><td>21</td><td>Sc</td><td>Scandium</td><td>44.955 908(5)</td></tr>

<tr><td>22</td><td>Ti</td><td>Titanium</td><td>47.867(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>23</td><td>V</td><td>Vanadium</td><td>50.9415(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>24</td><td>Cr</td><td>Chromium</td><td>51.9961(6)</td></tr>

<tr><td>25</td><td>Mn</td><td>Manganese</td><td>54.938 043(2)</td></tr>

<tr><td>27</td><td>Co</td><td>Cobalt</td><td>58.933 194(3)</td></tr>

<tr><td>28</td><td>Ni</td><td>Nickel</td><td>58.6934(4)</td><td>2</td></tr>

<tr><td>29</td><td>Cu</td><td>Copper</td><td>63.546(3)</td><td>2</td></tr>

<tr><td>31</td><td>Ga</td><td>Gallium</td><td>69.723(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>32</td><td>Ge</td><td>Germanium</td><td>72.630(8)</td></tr>

<tr><td>33</td><td>As</td><td>Arsenic</td><td>74.921 595(6)</td></tr>

<tr><td>34</td><td>Se</td><td>Selenium</td><td>78.971(8)</td></tr>

<tr><td>35</td><td>Br</td><td>Bromine</td><td>79.904</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>36</td><td>Kr</td><td>Krypton</td><td>83.798(2)</td><td>1, 3</td></tr>

<tr><td>37</td><td>Rb</td><td>Rubidium</td><td>85.4678(3)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>38</td><td>Sr</td><td>Strontium</td><td>87.62(1)</td><td>1, 2</td></tr>

<tr><td>39</td><td>Y</td><td>Yttrium</td><td>88.905 84(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>40</td><td>Zr</td><td>Zirconium</td><td>91.224(2)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>41</td><td>Nb</td><td>Niobium</td><td>92.906 37(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>42</td><td>Mo</td><td>Molybdenum</td><td>95.95(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>43</td><td>Tc</td><td>Technetium</td><td>[97]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>44</td><td>Ru</td><td>Ruthenium</td><td>101.07(2)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>45</td><td>Rh</td><td>Rhodium</td><td>102.905 49(2)</td></tr>

<tr><td>46</td><td>Pd</td><td>Palladium</td><td>106.42(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>47</td><td>Ag</td><td>Silver</td><td>107.8682(2)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>48</td><td>Cd</td><td>Cadmium</td><td>112.414(4)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>49</td><td>In</td><td>Indium</td><td>114.818(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>51</td><td>Sb</td><td>Antimony</td><td>121.760(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>52</td><td>Te</td><td>Tellurium</td><td>127.60(3)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>53</td><td>I</td><td>Iodine</td><td>126.904 47(3)</td></tr>

<tr><td>54</td><td>Xe</td><td>Xenon</td><td>131.293(6)</td><td>1, 3</td></tr>

<tr><td>55</td><td>Cs</td><td>Caesium</td><td>132.905 451 96(6)</td></tr>

<tr><td>56</td><td>Ba</td><td>Barium</td><td>137.327(7)</td></tr>

<tr><td>57</td><td>La</td><td>Lanthanum</td><td>138.905 47(7)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>58</td><td>Ce</td><td>Cerium</td><td>140.116(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>59</td><td>Pr</td><td>Praseodymium     </td><td>140.907 66(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>60</td><td>Nd</td><td>Neodymium</td><td>144.242(3)</td><td>1 </td></tr>

<tr><td>61</td><td>Pm</td><td>Promethium</td><td>[145]</td><td></td></tr>

<tr><td>62</td><td>Sm</td><td>Samarium</td><td>150.36(2)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>63</td><td>Eu</td><td>Europium</td><td>151.964(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>64</td><td>Gd</td><td>Gadolinium</td><td>157.25(3)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>65</td><td>Tb</td><td>Terbium</td><td>158.925 354(8)</td></tr>

<tr><td>66</td><td>Dy</td><td>Dysprosium</td><td>162.500(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>67</td><td>Ho</td><td>Holmium</td><td>164.930 328(7)</td></tr>

<tr><td>68</td><td>Er</td><td>Erbium</td><td>167.259(3)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>69</td><td>Tm</td><td>Thulium</td><td>168.934 218(6)</td></tr>

<tr><td>70</td><td>Yb</td><td>Ytterbium</td><td>173.045(10)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>71</td><td>Lu</td><td>Lutetium</td><td>174.9668(1)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>72</td><td>Hf</td><td>Hafnium</td><td>178.486(6)</td></tr>

<tr><td>73</td><td>Ta</td><td>Tantalum</td><td>180.947 88(2)</td></tr>

<tr><td>74</td><td>W</td><td>Tungsten</td><td>183.84(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>75</td><td>Re</td><td>Rhenium</td><td>186.207(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>76</td><td>Os</td><td>Osmium</td><td>190.23(3)</td><td>1</td></tr>

<tr><td>77</td><td>Ir</td><td>Iridium</td><td>192.217(2)</td></tr>

<tr><td>78</td><td>Pt</td><td>Platinum</td><td>195.084(9)</td></tr>

<tr><td>80</td><td>Hg</td><td>Mercury</td><td>200.592(3)</td></tr>

<tr><td>81</td><td>Tl</td><td>Thallium</td><td>204.38</td><td>5</td></tr>

<tr><td>83</td><td>Bi</td><td>Bismuth</td><td>208.980 40(1)</td></tr>

<tr><td>84</td><td>Po</td><td>Polonium</td><td>[209]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>85</td><td>At</td><td>Astatine</td><td>[210]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>86</td><td>Rn</td><td>Radon</td><td>[222]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>87</td><td>Fr</td><td>Francium</td><td>[223]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>88</td><td>Ra</td><td>Radium</td><td>[226]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>89</td><td>Ac</td><td>Actinium</td><td>[227]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>90</td><td>Th</td><td>Thorium</td><td>232.0377(4)</td><td>1, 4</td></tr>

<tr><td>91</td><td>Pa</td><td>Protactinium</td><td>231.035 88(1)</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>92</td><td>U</td><td>Uranium</td><td>238.028 91(3)</td><td>1, 3, 4</td></tr>

<tr><td>93</td><td>Np</td><td>Neptunium</td><td>[237]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>94</td><td>Pu</td><td>Plutonium</td><td>[244]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>95</td><td>Am</td><td>Americium</td><td>[243]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>96</td><td>Cm</td><td>Curium</td><td>[247]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>97</td><td>Bk</td><td>Berkelium</td><td>[247]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>98</td><td>Cf</td><td>Californium</td><td>[251]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>99</td><td>Es</td><td>Einsteinium</td><td>[252]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>100</td><td>Fm</td><td>Fermium</td><td>[257]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>101</td><td>Md</td><td>Mendelevium</td><td>[258]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>102</td><td>No</td><td>Nobelium</td><td>[259]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>103</td><td>Lr</td><td>Lawrencium</td><td>[262]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>104</td><td>Rf</td><td>Rutherfordium</td><td>[267]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>105</td><td>Db</td><td>Dubnium</td><td>[270]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>106</td><td>Sg</td><td>Seaborgium</td><td>[269]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>107</td><td>Bh</td><td>Bohrium</td><td>[270]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>108</td><td>Hs</td><td>Hassium</td><td>[270]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>109</td><td>Mt</td><td>Meitnerium</td><td>[278]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>110</td><td>Ds</td><td>Darmstadtium</td><td>[281]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>111</td><td>Rg</td><td>Roentgenium </td><td>[281]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>112</td><td>Cn</td><td>Copernicium</td><td>[285]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>113</td><td>Nh</td><td>Nihonium </td><td>[286]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>114</td><td>Fl</td><td>Flerovium</td><td>[289]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>115</td><td>Mc</td><td>Moscovium</td><td>[289]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>116</td><td>Lv</td><td>Livermorium</td><td>[293]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>117</td><td>Ts</td><td>Tennessine</td><td>[293]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>118</td><td>Og</td><td>Oganesson</td><td>[294]</td><td>4</td></tr>

</table></center>

<ol>

<li>Geological specimens are known in which the element has an isotopic composition outside the limits for normal material. The difference between the atomic weight of the element in such specimens and that given in the Table may exceed the stated uncertainty.

<li>Range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents a more precise

value being given; the tabulated value should be applicable to any normal material.

<li>Modified isotopic compositions may be found in commercially available material because it has been subject to an undisclosed or inadvertant isotopic fractionation. Substantial deviations in atomic weight of the element from that given in the Table can occur.

<li>Element has no stable nuclides. The value enclosed in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However three such elements (Th, Pa, and U) do have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and for these an atomic weight is tabulated.

<li>See <a href=#01">table 1</a> for details of range and original paper for the atomic weight of the element from different sources.

</ol>

<center><h3><b>Table 3. List of Elements in Name Order.</b></h3><p>

<tr><td>At No     </td><td>Symbol     </td><td>Name</td><td>Atomic Wt</td><td>Notes</td></tr>

<tr><td>89</td><td>Ac</td><td>Actinium</td><td>[227]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>13</td><td>Al</td><td>Aluminium</td><td>26.981 5384(3)</td></tr>

<tr><td>95</td><td>Am</td><td>Americium</td><td>[243]</td><td>4</td></tr>

<tr><td>51</td><td>Sb</td><td>Antimony</td><td>121.760(1)</td><td>1 </td></tr>