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Research & Innovation

Research in the arts and humanities represents a range of disciplines and distinctive modes of knowledge and methods that result in articles and books, ideas, exhibitions, performances, artifacts and more. This deliberate and dedicated work generates deep insights into the multi-faceted people and cultures of the world, past and present.
Whether individual or collaborative, funded or unfunded, our faculty are leading national networks and conferences, providing research frameworks, engaging students, traversing international archives and making significant contributions to UMD's research enterprise.
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The gift of health promotion in a celebration: A descriptive observational study of community baby showers on YouTube

By Aysha Jawed and Colin Gardiner

English

Author/Lead: Aysha Jawed
Dates:

Abstract

Introduction: Although community baby showers have persisted as a global health promotion practice for infants and their families over the past decades, to date there is no study that has evaluated coverage and engagement of community baby showers across social media as a rising global health communication medium in this contemporary digital era. It follows that the goal of this study sought to fill this gap by examining the existing state of coverage for community baby showers on social media utilizing view count as an engagement metric.

Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study, we conducted a content analysis of the top 100 most widely viewed videos populated on YouTube at one conceptual point in time that covered community baby showers. to determine the most prevalent sources, formats, and content represented across this sample of videos.

Results: Many of the videos were published by nongovernmental / organizational sources (n=86) and among them, the majority were in the form of news reports (n=59). Content across these videos presented a diversity of community stakeholders and entities involved in the development and implementation of community baby showers, many which were both for-profit and non-profit organizations (n=72). There was substantial coverage of a wide range of resources and services for prenatal and postnatal care delineated across all of the videos in this sample. Several videos (n=39) covered increased support building for families of infants. Notably, these videos cumulatively generated a low number of views (N=73,036) which yields clinical, educational, and public health implications.

Conclusion: Recommendations to partner with news organizations and utilize content that generated greater viewership as facilitators in increasing capacity to reach, engagement and impact of community baby showers are presented to optimize infant health outcomes, reduce infant mortality, and heighten access to resources and support for infants and their families worldwide.

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Assessing Universal Considerations in Infant Mortality Across the Globe: A Descriptive Observational Study of SIDS Knowledge and Reduction Coverage on YouTube

By Aysha Jawed, Amy Hess, Molly Rye, Catherine Ehrhardt

English

Author/Lead: Aysha Jawed
Dates:
Publisher: Tuoms Press

Background: Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) remains one of the leading causes of infant mortality worldwide and is largely driven by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Although SIDS has received coverage and examination of content spanning Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter across published studies, to date no study has examined SIDS related content on YouTube.

Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from December 2023 through January 2024. The goals of this study were to describe the sources, formats and content covered across the 100 widely viewed videos pertaining to SIDS on YouTube.

Results: Most of the videos were published by organizations (N=64) including healthcare systems, the American Academy of Pediatrics and police departments. Several of the widely viewed SIDS-related content was also disseminated by professionals (N=42). Multiple videos presented content on the symptomology pertaining to SIDS and contributing modifiable environmental risk factors. In addition, a wide range of resources were depicted as SIDS reduction measures. Notably, there was substantial emphasis on SIDS reduction postnatally across the widely viewed videos. Limited representation of content on SIDS awareness and reduction outside of the United States was depicted.

Conclusion: Clinical, public health, and organizational implications and recommendations are presented to inform future targets for intervention that can harness findings from this study on widely covered and uncovered content to address the totality of risk factors for SIDS. Future directions in health promotion across the SIDS reduction landscape are also reviewed to account for digital spaces globally, thereby contributing towards reducing infant mortality worldwide.

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Othello and the Formalism of Compulsion

Gerard Passannante

English

Author/Lead: Gerard Passannante
Dates:
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press

Abstract

I use the term “formalism” to name the tendency of compulsion to reduce experience, through repetition, to a simple shape, rhythm, and intensity. This essay shows how compulsion’s reduction of the self to just a few characteristics enables—even solicits—analogy across different contexts. Focusing on Othello, I consider several aspects of Shakespeare’s staging of compulsion: the two-way traffic between religious and secular domains; the splitting of the self, which often entails the projection of the self onto others; and the role of such splitting in the representation of racialized violence.

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Weber’s “Strange Intoxication”

Gerard Passannante

English

Author/Lead: Gerard Passannante
Dates:
Publisher: Duke University Press

This essay locates in Max Weber’s body of work a theory of recognition in compulsion. With particular attention to Weber’s engagement with pre- and early modern sources, the essay argues that this theory illuminates his project of historical interpretation. For Weber, compulsion turns firsthand experience into a simple pattern or shape, inviting identification across differences in context. Ultimately, the essay shows that the “strange intoxication” of compulsive states of mind, though it might seem to transport the subject outside time and beyond the reach of material circumstance, does much more than misleadingly fuse distinct experiences; it also creates opportunities for and indeed motivates awareness of the concrete histories that connect them.

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"Gather together in the name of our next generation: A scoping review of the essence and implementation of community baby showers"

By Aysha Jawed, Catherine Ehrhardt, Molly Rye, Amy Hess, Elizabeth Murter, Colin Gardiner

English

Author/Lead: Aysha Jawed
Dates:

Abstract

Introduction: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) collectively represent one of the leading causes of infant mortality worldwide. There are a range of evidence-based modifiable risk factors for both, particularly related to the infant’s sleep environment. Oftentimes, social determinants of health impact optimization of an infant’s sleep environment, thereby compromising their safety and elevating their risk for SIDS and SUID. Many kinds of community interventions that include campaigns and programs have sought to address these environmental modifiable risk factors that contribute towards heightened risk for SIDS and SUID. However given resource limitations, reach and access considerations, and scarcity of a streamlined harmonized process to draw on the strengths of a community in SUID and SIDS reduction, there is mixed success with these interventions

"More than just a crib: Assessing the prevalence of partnerships between Cribs for Kids and children’s hospitals in the United States"

By Aysha Jawed

English

Author/Lead: Aysha Jawed
Dates:

Abstract

Introduction: Cribs for Kids is a national organization with a mission to reduce sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) nationwide through adaptation of best practices in infant safe sleep, community engagement, and increased access to resources in assuring infant safety during time of sleep. One integral partnership that enables Cribs for Kids to cast a wider net in yielding the potential to reach many more infants and their families across the country involves attainment of hospitalwide certification by Cribs for Kids across both academic and community healthcare systems that provide care to infants for up to one year of age.

Is social media our new quitline? A descriptive study assessing youtube coverage of tobacco cessation

By Aysha Jawed and Anna Hogan

English, College of Arts and Humanities

Author/Lead: Aysha Jawed
Dates:

Background: Tobacco use and exposure are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the past decade, educational efforts to reduce tobacco use and exposure have extended to social media, including video-sharing platforms. YouTube is one of the most publicly accessed video-sharing platforms.

Purpose: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to identify and describe sources, formats, and content of widely viewed YouTube videos on smoking cessation.

Methods: In August to September 2023, the keywords “stop quit smoking” were used to search in YouTube and identify 100 videos with the highest view count.

Results: Collectively, these videos were viewed over 220 million times. The majority (n = 35) were posted by nongovernmental/ organization sources, with a smaller number posted by consumers (n = 25), and only eleven were posted by governmental agencies. The format used in the highest number of videos was the testimonial (n = 32 videos, over 77 million views). Other popular formats included animation (n = 23 videos, over 90 million views) and talk by professional (n = 20 videos, almost 43 million views). Video content included evidence-based and non-evidence-based practices. Evidence-based strategies aligned with U.S. Public Health Service Tobacco Treatment Guidelines (e.g. health systems approach in tobacco treatment, medication management). Non-evidence-based strategies included mindfulness and hypnotherapy. One key finding was that environmental tobacco exposure received scant coverage across the videos.

Conclusions: Social media such as YouTube promises to reach large audiences at low cost without requiring high reading literacy. Additional attention is needed to create videos with up-todate, accurate information that can engage consumers.

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Provost’s Do Good Innovator Award

In partnership with the Office of the Provost, the Innovator Awards highlight the incredible members of our campus community who create, nurture, expand and amplify social impact throughout education, programs and research.

English

Author/Lead: Peter Mallios
Dates:

Peter Mallios created and co-taught the course “ENGL388B, Mass Incarceration and Prison Education: Academic Writing in Prison.” Taking years to develop the course and to build on his experience working with the Goucher Prison Education Partnership, he collaborated with four co-teachers, community partners and our undergraduate students to study mass incarceration and develop a pedagogy for teaching people who are incarcerated. 

Lessons Learned From Telltale Testimonies: A Descriptive Study Assessing Coverage of the Tips From Former Smokers Campaign on YouTube

Co-written with Anna Hogan

English

Author/Lead: Aysha Jawed
Dates:
Publisher: Routledge

ABSTRACT

Background: Tobacco use and dependence alongside environmental tobacco exposure collectively form a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for the global population. Several clinical and public health interventions have sought to address this growing epidemic on both micro and macro levels. One national campaign, Tips From Former Smokers was prominent across the tobacco cessation landscape. Implemented by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, this campaign garnered coverage and engagement across the national population and also on virtual spaces via social media platforms in our digital era.

Purpose: This study is the first of its kind to critically examine sources and formats as well as assess the nature of content covered across the widely viewed videos pertaining to this campaign on YouTube. Prior studies have analyzed this campaign’s content on Facebook and Twitter.

Method: This study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational in design and involved conducting a content analysis of the most popular videos covered on the campaign across YouTube.

Results: Videos pertaining to health and aesthetic effects stemming from the sequelae of smoking, environmental tobacco exposure, and comorbidities with smoking attracted the most views. The majority of the widely viewed videos on the campaign were in the form of testimonials. There was scant coverage on tips and strategies for cessation across the videos.

Discussion: We present several clinical, campaign and systemic implications from these findings. We also propose recommendations for further considerations in future campaign development and implementation that build off the limitations and draw on the strengths of the Tips From Former Smokers campaign in addressing tobacco use and dependence as well as environmental tobacco exposure as targets for future cessation interventions.

Translation to Health Education Practice: In addition, we further delineate recommendations that account for health equity, diversity, and inclusivity considerations in coverage of content that could heighten engagement, relatability, connectivity, and acceptability of content by viewers worldwide.

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Required to Care: Emotional Labour and the Futures of Work in Catherine Lacey’s The Answers

By John Macintosh

English

Author/Lead: John MacIntosh
Dates:
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Online

Abstract:

The concept of emotional labour pervades recent popular discourse. However, this discourse tends to emphasize the unpaid work performed in personal and familial relationships. This erases Arlie Russell Hochschild’s distinction between emotion work and emotional labour, the latter of which is a waged ‘management of feeling’ that ‘create[s] a publicly observable facial and bodily display’. This focus on unwaged emotion work identifies a real site of exploitation, but tends to obscure the recent historical tendency of care work to be subsumed increasingly into new forms of low-waged labour. I examine this tendency by turning to Catherine Lacey’s speculative novel The Answers (2017), which follows an indebted young woman, Mary, who takes a contract job in an experiment run by a celebrity seeking love. Alongside ‘girlfriends’ with other intimate roles, Mary is paid to be an ‘Emotional Girlfriend.’ I argue that the novel’s thought experiment of splitting the various roles of a romantic partner into separate, waged jobs not only commodifies affective labour, but also replicates the process of industrial deskilling in its depiction of the real subsumption of affective work into the service sectors. Next, I discuss the role of the experiment’s Research Division, which not only monitors experimental subjects via cameras, sensors, and interviews, but also directly influences their behaviour using ‘internal directives’, or chemical instructions that biologically optimize emotion. I argue that these directives intensify the management of feeling to make working subjects’ emotions more productive for capital. The argument concludes that The Answers updates Hochschild’s theory to account for work that is now often less secure, but fails to address the political questions it raises.

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