zẖꜣ

Egyptian

3-lit.

Conjugation of zẖꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: zẖꜣ, geminated stem: zẖꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
zẖꜣ	zẖꜣw, zẖꜣ	zẖꜣt	zẖꜣ	zẖꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
zẖꜣ	ḥr zẖꜣ	m zẖꜣ	r zẖꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	zẖꜣ.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	zẖꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zẖꜣ	zẖꜣ, zẖꜣw⁵, zẖꜣy⁵
imperfective	zẖꜣ, zẖꜣy, zẖꜣw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	zẖꜣ, zẖꜣj⁶, zẖꜣy⁶	zẖꜣ, zẖꜣw⁵
prospective	zẖꜣ, zẖꜣtj⁷	—	zẖꜣtj⁴, zẖꜣt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

m

(usually in the plural) writing, record
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5:
  
  ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt
  In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.

Declension of zẖꜣ (masculine)

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 88, 139, 182, 277.

^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 46