Perhaps from *quomquam, from quom (later cum) and quam (“any”). Compare cumque.
umquam (not comparable)
- (chiefly in the negative) at any time, ever; (with negative) never
29 BCE – 19 BCE,
Virgil,
Aeneid 2.246–247:
- “Tunc etiam fātīs aperit Cassandra futūrīs
ōra deī iussū nōn umquam crēdita Teucrīs.”- “Then once more Cassandra had spoken, revealing the future: A voice [which], by decree of a god, the Trojans were never to believe.”
(See also: Cassandra.)
Most frequently in negative clauses, sometimes also in interrogations and in conditional clauses; but very seldom in affirmations
| type |
demonstrative |
anaphoric |
identity |
interrogative/
relative |
indefinite |
negative |
other
|
| proximal |
medial |
distal |
relative |
indefinite |
free choice |
universal |
negative polarity
|
| basic
|
hic |
iste, istic |
ille, illic |
is |
ipse, īdem |
quis/quī |
quisquis, quīcumque |
quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quispiam |
quīvis, quīlibet |
quisque |
quisquam, ūllus, °aliquisquam |
nēmō, nihil, nūllus |
alius
|
| dual
|
|
|
|
|
|
uter |
utercumque |
alteruter |
utervīs, uterlibet |
uterque |
|
neuter |
alter
|
| place
|
hīc |
istīc |
illīc |
ibī̆ |
ibī̆dem |
ubī̆ |
ubiubi, ubī̆cumque |
alicubī, uspiam |
ubivīs, ubilibet |
ubīque |
usquam |
nusquam, nūllibī |
alibī, aliās
|
| source
|
hinc |
istinc |
illinc |
inde |
indidem |
unde |
undecumque, undeunde |
alicunde |
°undelibet |
undique |
|
|
aliunde
|
| destination
|
hūc, °hōrsum |
istūc, °istōrsum |
illūc, °illōrsum |
eō |
eōdem |
quō, quōrsum |
quōquō, quōcumque |
aliquō, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum |
quōvīs, quōlibet |
|
quōquam |
nusquam, nūllōrsum |
aliō, aliōrsum
|
method,
means,
path,
place
|
hāc |
istāc |
illāc |
eā |
eādem |
quā |
quāquā, quācumque |
aliquā |
quāvīs, quālibet |
quāque |
|
nēquāquam, haudquāquam |
aliā
|
| manner
|
hōc modō |
istō modō |
illō modō |
ita, sīc,
eō modō |
item, itidem |
ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum |
utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque |
quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō |
quōmodolibet |
utīque |
ūllō modō |
nūllō modō |
aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō
|
| time
|
num, nunc |
|
ōlim |
tum, tunc |
simul |
quandō, ‡cum |
cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque |
quondam, aliquandō |
quandōlibet |
quandōque |
umquam |
numquam |
aliās
|
| quantity
|
|
|
|
tam |
†tamen, †tandem |
quam |
†quamquam |
aliquam |
quamvīs, quamlibet |
|
|
|
|
| size
|
|
|
|
tantus |
tantusdem |
quantus |
quantuscumque |
aliquantus |
quantusvīs, quantuslibet |
|
|
|
|
| quality
|
|
|
|
tālis |
|
quālis |
quālis, quāliscumque |
aliquālis |
quālislibet |
|
|
|
|
| number
|
|
|
|
tot |
totidem |
quot |
quotquot, quotcumque |
aliquot |
quotlibet |
|
|
|
|
| order
|
|
|
|
totus |
|
quotus |
quotuscumque |
aliquotus |
quotuslibet |
|
|
|
|
| repetition
|
|
|
|
totiēns |
|
quotiēns |
quotiēnscumque |
aliquotiēns |
quotiēnslibet |
|
|
|
|
| multiplication
|
|
|
|
totuplex |
|
quotuplex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated
° Rare
‡only used as a conjunction, not as an interrogative
|
Several forms reflect the addition of an adverbial /-s/.
- Balkan Romance:
- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Italic:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “umquam”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- umquam in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- nothing will ever make me forgetful of him: memoriam eius nulla umquam delebit (obscurabit) oblivio (Fam. 2. 1)