rugir
Catalan
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin rugīre (“roar”). First attested in the 19th century.[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrugir (first-person singular present rugeixo, first-person singular preterite rugí, past participle rugit)
- (intransitive) to roar
Conjugation
editinfinitive | rugir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | rugint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | rugit | rugida | |||||
plural | rugits | rugides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | rugeixo | rugeixes | rugeix | rugim | rugiu | rugeixen | |
imperfect | rugia | rugies | rugia | rugíem | rugíeu | rugien | |
future | rugiré | rugiràs | rugirà | rugirem | rugireu | rugiran | |
preterite | rugí | rugires | rugí | rugírem | rugíreu | rugiren | |
conditional | rugiria | rugiries | rugiria | rugiríem | rugiríeu | rugirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | rugeixi | rugeixis | rugeixi | rugim | rugiu | rugeixin | |
imperfect | rugís | rugissis | rugís | rugíssim | rugíssiu | rugissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | rugeix | rugeixi | rugim | rugiu | rugeixin | |
negative (no) | — | no rugeixis | no rugeixi | no rugim | no rugiu | no rugeixin |
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ^ “rugir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Further reading
edit- “rugir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “rugir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “rugir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin rugīre (“roar”). Cf. Old French ruir, a more gallicized variant. See also rut.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrugir
- to roar
Conjugation
editThis is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | rugir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | rugissant /ʁy.ʒi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | rugi /ʁy.ʒi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugit /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugissons /ʁy.ʒi.sɔ̃/ |
rugissez /ʁy.ʒi.se/ |
rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/ |
imperfect | rugissais /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ |
rugissais /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ |
rugissait /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ |
rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/ |
rugissaient /ʁy.ʒi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugit /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugîmes /ʁy.ʒim/ |
rugîtes /ʁy.ʒit/ |
rugirent /ʁy.ʒiʁ/ | |
future | rugirai /ʁy.ʒi.ʁe/ |
rugiras /ʁy.ʒi.ʁa/ |
rugira /ʁy.ʒi.ʁa/ |
rugirons /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/ |
rugirez /ʁy.ʒi.ʁe/ |
rugiront /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | rugirais /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
rugirais /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
rugirait /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
rugirions /ʁy.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rugiriez /ʁy.ʒi.ʁje/ |
rugiraient /ʁy.ʒi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugisses /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/ |
rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/ |
imperfect2 | rugisse /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugisses /ʁy.ʒis/ |
rugît /ʁy.ʒi/ |
rugissions /ʁy.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
rugissiez /ʁy.ʒi.sje/ |
rugissent /ʁy.ʒis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | rugis /ʁy.ʒi/ |
— | rugissons /ʁy.ʒi.sɔ̃/ |
rugissez /ʁy.ʒi.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “rugir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Portuguese
editEtymology
editProbably borrowed from Latin rugīre (“to roar”).
Pronunciation
edit
Verb
editrugir (first-person singular present rujo, first-person singular preterite rugi, past participle rugido)
- to roar (to make a loud, deep cry)
Conjugation
editSingular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | rugir | |||||
Personal | rugir | rugires | rugir | rugirmos | rugirdes | rugirem |
Gerund | ||||||
rugindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | rugido | rugidos | ||||
Feminine | rugida | rugidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | rujo | ruges | ruge | rugimos | rugis | rugem |
Imperfect | rugia | rugias | rugia | rugíamos | rugíeis | rugiam |
Preterite | rugi | rugiste | rugiu | rugimos | rugistes | rugiram |
Pluperfect | rugira | rugiras | rugira | rugíramos | rugíreis | rugiram |
Future | rugirei | rugirás | rugirá | rugiremos | rugireis | rugirão |
Conditional | rugiria | rugirias | rugiria | rugiríamos | rugiríeis | rugiriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | ruja | rujas | ruja | rujamos | rujais | rujam |
Imperfect | rugisse | rugisses | rugisse | rugíssemos | rugísseis | rugissem |
Future | rugir | rugires | rugir | rugirmos | rugirdes | rugirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | ruge | ruja | rujamos | rugi | rujam | |
Negative (não) | não rujas | não ruja | não rujamos | não rujais | não rujam |
Related terms
editSpanish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin rugīre (“roar”). Compare the inherited Old Spanish (and Ladino) ruir; cf. also the related ruido.[1]
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrugir (first-person singular present rujo, first-person singular preterite rugí, past participle rugido)
Conjugation
editinfinitive | rugir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | rugiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | rugido | rugida | |||||
plural | rugidos | rugidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | rujo | rugestú rugísvos |
ruge | rugimos | rugís | rugen | |
imperfect | rugía | rugías | rugía | rugíamos | rugíais | rugían | |
preterite | rugí | rugiste | rugió | rugimos | rugisteis | rugieron | |
future | rugiré | rugirás | rugirá | rugiremos | rugiréis | rugirán | |
conditional | rugiría | rugirías | rugiría | rugiríamos | rugiríais | rugirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | ruja | rujastú rujásvos2 |
ruja | rujamos | rujáis | rujan | |
imperfect (ra) |
rugiera | rugieras | rugiera | rugiéramos | rugierais | rugieran | |
imperfect (se) |
rugiese | rugieses | rugiese | rugiésemos | rugieseis | rugiesen | |
future1 | rugiere | rugieres | rugiere | rugiéremos | rugiereis | rugieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | rugetú rugívos |
ruja | rujamos | rugid | rujan | ||
negative | no rujas | no ruja | no rujamos | no rujáis | no rujan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “rugir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
edit- “rugir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
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