polis
English
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Noun
editpolis (plural poleis or polises)
- (historical) A Greek city-state.
- 2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books 2007, page 161:
- By the end of the century, poleis had been established throughout the Hellenic world, all bearing a marked family resemblance.
Related terms
editTranslations
edit
|
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Scots polis. Doublet of police.
Alternative forms
edit- , pollis
Noun
editpolis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)
- (uncountable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) The police.
- 1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 328:
- Even in his Ma's womb, you would have had to define Spud less as a foetus, more as a set of dormant drug and personality problems. He'd probably draw the polis onto them through knocking a saltcellar out of the Little Chef.
- (countable, Scotland, Ireland, Geordie) A police officer.
Further reading
edit- Oxford Dictionaries Online. "polis". 2015.
- Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “polis”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.
Anagrams
editAzerbaijani
editCyrillic | полис | |
---|---|---|
Abjad | پولیس |
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpolis (definite accusative polisi, plural polislər)
Declension
editDeclension of polis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | polis |
polislər | ||||||
definite accusative | polisi |
polisləri | ||||||
dative | polisə |
polislərə | ||||||
locative | polisdə |
polislərdə | ||||||
ablative | polisdən |
polislərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | polisin |
polislərin |
Cebuano
editEtymology
editFrom English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).
Noun
editpolis
- a police officer; a cop
- a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order
Czech
editEtymology
editInternational learned borrowing Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpolis f (indeclinable)
- polis (ancient Greek city-state)
Related terms
editFurther reading
editDutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom French police (from Italian polizza, q.v.).
Noun
editpolis f (plural polissen, diminutive polisje n)
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- → Indonesian: polis
Etymology 2
editInternational learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis) since the 1970s (probably via English polis).
Noun
editpolis f (plural poleis)
- (historical) a polis; an ancient, especially Ancient Greek, city state or city
Finnish
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpolis
- (historical) A Greek city-state.
- 2011, Paavo Castrén, Uusi antiikin historia, Otava, page 117:
- Kreikkalainen polis tuli sekä etruski- että latinalaisten yhteisöjen esikuvaksi – –.
- The Greek polis came to be a role model for Estruscan and Latin communities alike – –
Declension
editInflection of polis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | polis | polikset | |
genitive | poliksen | polisten poliksien | |
partitive | polista | poliksia | |
illative | polikseen | poliksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | polis | polikset | |
accusative | nom. | polis | polikset |
gen. | poliksen | ||
genitive | poliksen | polisten poliksien | |
partitive | polista | poliksia | |
inessive | poliksessa | poliksissa | |
elative | poliksesta | poliksista | |
illative | polikseen | poliksiin | |
adessive | poliksella | poliksilla | |
ablative | polikselta | poliksilta | |
allative | polikselle | poliksille | |
essive | poliksena | poliksina | |
translative | polikseksi | poliksiksi | |
abessive | poliksetta | poliksitta | |
instructive | — | poliksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
edit- (general) kaupunkivaltio
Related terms
editFrench
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Verb
editpolis
- inflection of polir:
Participle
editpolis m pl
Adjective
editpolis
Anagrams
editHaitian Creole
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editpolis
Indonesian
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Dutch polis (“insurance policy”), from French police (“policy”), from Italian polizza, from Ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis, “proof”). Compare to Malay polisi (“policy”).
Noun
editpolis (first-person possessive polisku, second-person possessive polismu, third-person possessive polisnya)
Derived terms
editDerived terms
editEtymology 2
editNoun
editpolis (first-person possessive polisku, second-person possessive polismu, third-person possessive polisnya)
- nonstandard form of poles.
Usage notes
editThe word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay polis.
Further reading
edit- “polis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
editNoun
editpolīs
References
edit- polis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “polis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “polis”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
- “polis”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Latvian
editEtymology
editUltimately from Polish polak, Russian поля́к (polják) (under the influence of Old High German pōl — cf. German, English Pole — and perhaps also of Latvian dialectal bolis, polis (“ox without horns”)), itself derived from Polish pole (“field”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“light (color), gray”).[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpolis m (2nd declension, feminine form: poliete)
- a Pole, a Polish man, a man born in Poland
- pēc Livonijas kara poļi ieguva Vidzemi un Latgali ― after the Livonian War the Poles obtained Vidzeme and Latgale
- (genitive plural) Polish; pertaining to Poland and its people
- poļu valoda ― the Polish language
- poļu māksla ― Polish art
Declension
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “polis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Malay
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).
Noun
editpolis (Jawi spelling ڤوليس, plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)
- (Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) police, a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.
Usage notes
editThe word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian polis.
Alternative forms
edit- , polisi (Indonesia esp. Riau)
Synonyms
edit- , serdadu (Southern Thailand)
Derived terms
edit- anggota polis (“police officer”)
- balai polis (“police station”)
- kereta polis (“police car”)
Etymology 2
editNoun
editpolis (plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)
- (Indonesia) alternative spelling of polisi (“policy”), see Indonesian polis (“policy”).
Further reading
edit- “polis” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
- Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Melayu Riau, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1997, →ISBN, page 308
Papiamentu
editEtymology
editFrom Spanish policía and Portuguese polícia and Dutch politie.
Noun
editpolis
Pijin
editNoun
editpolis
Portuguese
editVerb
editpolis
Romanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis).
Noun
editpolis n (plural polisuri)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | polis | polisul | polisuri | polisurile | |
genitive-dative | polis | polisului | polisuri | polisurilor | |
vocative | polisule | polisurilor |
Scots
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editpolis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)
- (uncountable) police
- 1987, Robbie Kydd, ...Auld Zimmery, Mariscat Press 1987:
- 'Listen then. Yer name's Andy MacPhail. That's whit us three has jist tellt the polis in wir statements. Okay?'
- 1991, Dr James Begg, Dipper: 20 - Cops and Robbers, Luath Press:
- ‘Aye, Andra,' cam back the reply. 'We micht as weel caa it a day doun here. The hale bluidy place is hotchin wi polis! Come doun an get us at the Auld Raw.'
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2007, Sheena Blackhall, The Quarry, Lochlands:
- Brian hid contactit his granfaither, Pat, tae see gin the polis computers could raik up onythin ava tae makk eese o in persuadin Bappy Anderson tae pairt wi a kidney.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2013, Pedro Lenz, translated by Donal McLaughlin, Naw Much of a Talker, Freight Books, page 51:
- Coont yirsel lucky ahm naw cawin the polis. Noo fuck off.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1987, Robbie Kydd, ...Auld Zimmery, Mariscat Press 1987:
Etymology 2
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
editpolis
Verb
editpolis
References
edit- http://www.dsl.ac.uk/ - Dictionary of the Scots Language
Spanish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editpolis m pl or f pl
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city-state”).
Noun
editpolis f pl (plural only)
Further reading
edit- “polis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Swedish
editPronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Noun
editpolis c
- (often in the definite "polisen") police (organization that enforces the law)
- a police officer
- Synonyms: polisman, (dated, now polisassistent) konstapel (“constable”)
Declension
editColloquial or slang synonyms (police forces)
editColloquial or slang synonyms (police officer)
editDerived terms
edit- militärpolis
- ordningspolis
- polisagent
- polisanmäla
- polisanmälan
- polisarrest
- polisaspirant
- polisassessor
- polisassistent
- polisbefäl
- polisbevaka
- polisbevakning
- polisbil
- polisbricka
- polisbrutalitet
- polisbuss
- polisbåt
- polischef
- polischock
- polisdistrikt
- polisdomstol
- poliseskort
- polisfordon
- polisförhör
- polisförhöra
- polisförstärkning
- polishelikopter
- polishjälp
- polishund
- polishus
- polishäkte
- polishäst
- polishögkvarter
- polishögskola
- polisingripande
- polisinrättning
- polisinsats
- polisinspektör
- polisintendent
- polisiär
- polisjakt
- poliskask
- poliskedja
- poliskommissarie
- poliskonstapel
- poliskontroll
- poliskund
- poliskår
- polislarm
- polisledning
- polislås
- polismakt
- polisman
- polismisshandel
- polismyndighet
- polismästare
- polisofficer
- polisområde
- polisorganisation
- polispatrull
- polispersonal
- polispiket
- polisprotokoll
- polispådrag
- polisradio
- polisrapport
- polisrazzia
- polisregister
- polissamarbete
- polissekreterare
- polissiren
- polisskola
- polisskydd
- polisspärr
- polisstat
- polisstation
- polisstyrelse
- polisstyrka
- polistillstånd
- polistjänsteman
- polisundersökning
- polisuniform
- polisuppbåd
- polisutredning
- polisvakt
- polisvåld
- polisvälde
- polisväsen
- polisväsende
- polisyrket
- polisärende
- polisövervakning
- språkpolis
- säkerhetspolis
References
editTok Pisin
editEtymology 1
editNoun
editpolis
Etymology 2
editNoun
editpolis
Turkish
editEtymology
editFrom Ottoman Turkish پولیس (polis), from French police.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpolis (definite accusative polisi, plural polisler)
- (collectively) police (an organisation that enforces the law)
- (specifically) police officer
- Synonyms: aynasız, polis memuru
Usage notes
edit- This term is gender-neutral.
Declension
editInflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | polis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | polisi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | polis | polisler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | polisi | polisleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | polise | polislere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | poliste | polislerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | polisten | polislerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | polisin | polislerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɒlɪs
- Rhymes:English/ɒlɪs/2 syllables
- English terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with historical senses
- English terms with quotations
- English terms borrowed from Scots
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- English doublets
- English uncountable nouns
- Scottish English
- Irish English
- Geordie English
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- az:Law enforcement
- Azerbaijani terms with collocations
- Cebuano terms borrowed from English
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- Cebuano lemmas
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- ceb:Law enforcement
- Czech terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
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- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Dutch terms derived from Ancient Greek
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- Finnish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Finnish learned borrowings from Ancient Greek
- Finnish terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/olis
- Rhymes:Finnish/olis/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with historical senses
- Finnish terms with quotations
- Finnish vastaus-type nominals
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French non-lemma forms
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- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole terms with IPA pronunciation
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole nouns
- ht:Law enforcement
- ht:Occupations
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/lɪs
- Rhymes:Indonesian/lɪs/2 syllables
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
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- Indonesian lemmas
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- Latin non-lemma forms
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- Latvian terms derived from Polish
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- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian second declension nouns
- lv:Nationalities
- lv:Poland
- Malay terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/is
- Rhymes:Malay/is/2 syllables
- Malay terms borrowed from English
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- Malay terms derived from Middle French
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- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malaysian Malay
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- ms:Law enforcement
- Papiamentu terms derived from Spanish
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- Papiamentu lemmas
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- Pijin lemmas
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- Portuguese non-lemma forms
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- Romanian terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Romanian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
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- Scots terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Rhymes:Spanish/olis
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- Spanish non-lemma forms
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- Spanish terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
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