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See also: Heimo

Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *haimo, from earlier *šaima-, borrowed from Proto-Baltic *šáimas (compare Latvian saime),[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóymos, *tḱóymos. Cognates include Estonian hõim.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈhei̯mo/, [ˈhe̞i̯mo̞]
  • Rhymes: -eimo
  • Hyphenation(key): hei‧mo

Noun

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heimo

  1. tribe
  2. a traditional historical and cultural subgroup of Finnic peoples (often within what is now considered the Finnish people); best translated as nation
  3. (taxonomy) family

Usage notes

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  • (subgroup): These subgroups were once historically very important, especially prior to the emergence of the Finnish nation as a concept. The five or six heimo groups comprising the Finnish people today are conventionally 1. suomalaiset (Finns) (specifically southwest Finns from what is now Finland Proper), 2. hämäläiset (Tavastians), 3. pohjalaiset (Ostrobothnians), 4. savolaiset (Savonians), 5. karjalaiset (Karelians), and possibly 6. lappalaiset (Laplanders). The term is sometimes translated as "tribe", but is better translated as "nation", although it should be emphasized that since the 19th century, these groups are considered subgroups of the single Finnish (as a broad term) people or nation (kansa). In the modern society, these subgroups hold mainly cultural and traditional value, and urbanites rarely associate with any of them.

Declension

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Inflection of heimo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative heimo heimot
genitive heimon heimojen
partitive heimoa heimoja
illative heimoon heimoihin
singular plural
nominative heimo heimot
accusative nom. heimo heimot
gen. heimon
genitive heimon heimojen
partitive heimoa heimoja
inessive heimossa heimoissa
elative heimosta heimoista
illative heimoon heimoihin
adessive heimolla heimoilla
ablative heimolta heimoilta
allative heimolle heimoille
essive heimona heimoina
translative heimoksi heimoiksi
abessive heimotta heimoitta
instructive heimoin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of heimo (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative heimoni heimoni
accusative nom. heimoni heimoni
gen. heimoni
genitive heimoni heimojeni
partitive heimoani heimojani
inessive heimossani heimoissani
elative heimostani heimoistani
illative heimooni heimoihini
adessive heimollani heimoillani
ablative heimoltani heimoiltani
allative heimolleni heimoilleni
essive heimonani heimoinani
translative heimokseni heimoikseni
abessive heimottani heimoittani
instructive
comitative heimoineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative heimosi heimosi
accusative nom. heimosi heimosi
gen. heimosi
genitive heimosi heimojesi
partitive heimoasi heimojasi
inessive heimossasi heimoissasi
elative heimostasi heimoistasi
illative heimoosi heimoihisi
adessive heimollasi heimoillasi
ablative heimoltasi heimoiltasi
allative heimollesi heimoillesi
essive heimonasi heimoinasi
translative heimoksesi heimoiksesi
abessive heimottasi heimoittasi
instructive
comitative heimoinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative heimomme heimomme
accusative nom. heimomme heimomme
gen. heimomme
genitive heimomme heimojemme
partitive heimoamme heimojamme
inessive heimossamme heimoissamme
elative heimostamme heimoistamme
illative heimoomme heimoihimme
adessive heimollamme heimoillamme
ablative heimoltamme heimoiltamme
allative heimollemme heimoillemme
essive heimonamme heimoinamme
translative heimoksemme heimoiksemme
abessive heimottamme heimoittamme
instructive
comitative heimoinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative heimonne heimonne
accusative nom. heimonne heimonne
gen. heimonne
genitive heimonne heimojenne
partitive heimoanne heimojanne
inessive heimossanne heimoissanne
elative heimostanne heimoistanne
illative heimoonne heimoihinne
adessive heimollanne heimoillanne
ablative heimoltanne heimoiltanne
allative heimollenne heimoillenne
essive heimonanne heimoinanne
translative heimoksenne heimoiksenne
abessive heimottanne heimoittanne
instructive
comitative heimoinenne

Derived terms

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compounds

References

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  1. ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “heimo”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja[1] (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01

Further reading

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *haimo. Cognates include Finnish heimo and Estonian hõim.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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heimo

  1. (usually in the plural) The residents of one's village.

Declension

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Declension of heimo (type 4/koivu, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative heimo heimot
genitive heimon heimoin, heimoloin
partitive heimoa heimoja, heimoloja
illative heimoo heimoi, heimoloihe
inessive heimoos heimois, heimolois
elative heimost heimoist, heimoloist
allative heimolle heimoille, heimoloille
adessive heimool heimoil, heimoloil
ablative heimolt heimoilt, heimoloilt
translative heimoks heimoiks, heimoloiks
essive heimonna, heimoon heimoinna, heimoloinna, heimoin, heimoloin
exessive1) heimont heimoint, heimoloint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 54
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 34

Karelian

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Regional variants of heimo
North Karelian
(Viena)
heimo
South Karelian
(Tver)
heimo

Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *haimo. Cognates include Finnish heimo and Estonian hõim.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈhei̯mo/
  • Hyphenation: hei‧mo

Noun

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heimo (genitive heimon, partitive heimuo)

  1. tribe

Declension

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Viena Karelian declension of heimo (type 1/tyttö, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative heimo heimot
genitive heimon heimojen
partitive heimuo heimoja
illative heimoh heimoloih
inessive heimošša heimoloissa
elative heimošta heimoloista
adessive heimolla heimoloilla
ablative heimolta heimoloilta
translative heimokši heimoloiksi
essive heimona heimoloina
comitative heimoloineh
abessive heimotta heimoloitta
Tver Karelian declension of heimo (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
singular plural
nominative heimo heimot
genitive heimon heimoloin
partitive heimuo heimoloida
illative heimoh heimoloih
inessive heimošša heimoloissa
elative heimošta heimoloista
adessive heimolla heimoloilla
ablative heimolda heimoloilda
translative heimokši heimoloiksi
essive heimona heimoloina
comitative heimonke heimoloinke
abessive heimotta heimoloitta
Possessive forms of heimo
1st person heimoni
2nd person heimoš
3rd person heimoh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

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  • P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “племя”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN