elpirul
Hungarian
editEtymology
editFrom el- (perfective prefix) + pirul (“to blush”).
Pronunciation
editVerb
editelpirul
- (intransitive) to blush (to become red in the face due to shyness, shame, excitement, or embarrassment, with something: -ban/-ben)
- Zavarában elpirult. ― He/she blushed with embarrassment.
Conjugation
editconjugation of elpirul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | elpirulok | elpirulsz | elpirul | elpirulunk | elpirultok | elpirulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | elpirultam | elpirultál | elpirult | elpirultunk | elpirultatok | elpirultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. el fog pirulni. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | elpirulék | elpirulál | elpirula | elpirulánk | elpirulátok | elpirulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. elpirul vala, elpirult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | elpirulandok | elpirulandasz | elpiruland | elpirulandunk | elpirulandotok | elpirulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | elpirulnék | elpirulnál | elpirulna | elpirulnánk | elpirulnátok | elpirulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elpirult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | elpiruljak | elpirulj or elpiruljál |
elpiruljon | elpiruljunk | elpiruljatok | elpiruljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elpirult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | elpirulni | elpirulnom | elpirulnod | elpirulnia | elpirulnunk | elpirulnotok | elpirulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| elpirulás | elpiruló | elpirult | ― | elpirulva (elpirulván) | |||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem pirul el or el is pirul. | |||||||||
potential conjugation of elpirul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | elpirulhatok | elpirulhatsz | elpirulhat | elpirulhatunk | elpirulhattok | elpirulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | elpirulhattam | elpirulhattál | elpirulhatott | elpirulhattunk | elpirulhattatok | elpirulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | elpirulhaték | elpirulhatál | elpirulhata | elpirulhatánk | elpirulhatátok | elpirulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. elpirulhat vala, elpirulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | elpirulhatandok or elpirulandhatok |
elpirulhatandasz or elpirulandhatsz |
elpirulhatand or elpirulandhat |
elpirulhatandunk or elpirulandhatunk |
elpirulhatandotok or elpirulandhattok |
elpirulhatandanak or elpirulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | elpirulhatnék | elpirulhatnál | elpirulhatna | elpirulhatnánk | elpirulhatnátok | elpirulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. elpirulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | elpirulhassak | elpirulhass or elpirulhassál |
elpirulhasson | elpirulhassunk | elpirulhassatok | elpirulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. elpirulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (elpirulhatni) | (elpirulhatnom) | (elpirulhatnod) | (elpirulhatnia) | (elpirulhatnunk) | (elpirulhatnotok) | (elpirulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (elpirulhatva / elpirulhatván) | ||||
| The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem pirulhat el or el is pirulhat. | |||||||||
Further reading
edit- elpirul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- elpirul in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).