dywʾn'

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

Inscriptional Pahlavi:

𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (dpywʾn', “dēwān”), 𐭣𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭 (dywʾn', “dēwān”)
𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫀𐫗 (dywʾn) — Manichaean

Etymology

From earlier *diβi-vān, from the adjective *dipi-vān- (“relating to documents”), from Old Persian *dipi-vahanam (“document house”), composed from 𐎮𐎡𐎱𐎡 (di-i-p-i /⁠dipi-⁠/, “inscription; document”) (from Elamite, from Akkadian 𒁾𒁍𒌝 (ṭuppum, “tablet, document, letter”), from Sumerian 𒁾 (dub, “clay tablet”), and *vahana- (“house”) (whence also Persian (jâ, “place”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes- (“to dwell”). For the first component, compare Middle Persian 𐭣𐭯𐭩𐭥𐭥 (dpywr /⁠dibīr⁠/) / dpyr' / dpywr' (dibīr, “scribe”), from Old Persian *dipī-var-.

For the reading, compare Old Armenian դիւան (diwan). The forms with ē (as opposed to ī) in Persian may have been a secondary pronunciation developed due to folk etymologies; see de Blois for more.

Noun

dywʾn' • (/dīwān, dēwān?/)

Descendants

Persian: دیوان (divân, dêvân)
- → Arabic: ديوان (dīwān)
  - Andalusian Arabic: ديوان (dīwān), *دوان (*duwān)
    - → Catalan: duana
    - → Occitan: doana
    - → Portuguese: aduana
    - → Spanish: aduana
      - → Basque: aduana
      - → Hiligaynon: aduana
      - → Tagalog: adwana
      - → Waray-Waray: adwana
    - → Medieval Latin: doana, dogana, dovana
      - → Albanian: doganë
      - → Italian: dogana
      - → Old French: dohanne
        Middle French: doana
        French: douane
        → Algerian Arabic: الدِّيوَانَة (ad_dīwāna)
        → Dutch: douane
        Afrikaans: doeane
        → Indonesian: duane
        → Papiamentu: doeana
        → English: douane
        Norman: douanne
- → Azerbaijani: divan
- → Bengali: দেওয়ান (deōẇan)
- → Georgian: დივანი (divani), მდივანი (mdivani)
- → Hindi: दीवान (dīvān)
  - → English: dewan
  - → Telugu: దివాను (divānu), దివాన్ (divān‌)
- → Malay: dewan
  - Indonesian: dewan
- → Ottoman Turkish: دیوان (dîvân)
  - Turkish: divan
  - → Azerbaijani: divan
  - → Czech: divan
  - → French: divan
    - → English: divan
    - → German: Diwan
    - → Portuguese: divã
  - → Greek: διβάνι (diváni), ντιβάνι (ntiváni)
  - → Hungarian: díván
  - → Italian: divano, diwan
  - → Middle Armenian: տիւան (tiwan)
    - Armenian: դիվան (divan)
  - → Polish: dywan
  - → Romanian: divan
  - → Russian: дива́н (diván)
  - → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: дѝва̄н
    Latin script: dìvān
  - → Bulgarian: дива̀н (divàn)
  - → Spanish: diván
- → Urdu: دیوان (dīvān)
- → Zazaki: diwan
→ Old Armenian: դիւան (diwan)
- Armenian: դիվան (divan)
→ Old Georgian: დივანი (divani)
- Georgian: დივანი (divani)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “dēwān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
de Blois, François (December 15, 1995) “DĪVĀN i. THE TERM”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York