grunt
English
editEtymology
editFrom Middle English grunten, from Old English grunnettan (“to grunt”), from Proto-West Germanic *grunnattjan, from Proto-Germanic *grunnatjaną (“to grunt”), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *grunnōną (“to grunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrun- (“to shout”).
Cognate with German grunzen (“to grunt”), Danish grynte (“to grunt”). The noun senses are all instances of zero derivation from the verb.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgrunt (plural grunts)
- A short snorting sound, often to show disapproval, or used as a reply when one is reluctant to speak.
- 1861, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations, Chapter X:
- The stranger, with a comfortable kind of grunt over his pipe, put his legs up on the settle that he had to himself.
- The snorting cry of a pig.
- Any fish of the perciform family Haemulidae.
- A person who does ordinary and boring work.
- (US, military slang) An infantry soldier.
- Coordinate term: pogue
- 1979, Gustav Hasford, The Short-Timers, New York: Bantam Books, published 1980, →ISBN, page 39:
- The poges stare at the grunts as though the grunts were Hell's Angels at the ballet.
- 1986, James Cameron, Aliens, spoken by Burke (Paul Reiser):
- He can't make that kind of decision. He's just a grunt!
- (slang) The amount of power of which a vehicle is capable.
- 1992, Autocar & Motor, volume 192, page 61:
- The engine might not possess quite as much grunt as the later 24v six, but it delivers invigorating performance […]
- 2006 February, Torque, page 56:
- With this much grunt, it is surprising that the engine is relatively quiet.
- 2021 February, The Road Ahead, Brisbane, page 55, column 2:
- The lack of bottom-end grunt presents as a particular problem in hilly terrain where the five-speed manual gearbox really earns its keep.
- (Canada, US) A dessert of steamed berries and dough, usually blueberries; blueberry grunt.
Derived terms
editTranslations
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Verb
editgrunt (third-person singular simple present grunts, present participle grunting, simple past and past participle grunted)
- (intransitive, of a person) To make a grunt or grunts.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:
- to grunt and sweat under a weary life
- 2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 186:
- The silhouette sharpens and fades as the carving is moved before the flames of the hearth, its maker grunts in perfect imitation of the ancestor - a human-lioness in oestrus.
- (intransitive, of a pig) To make a grunt or grunts.
- (intransitive, UK, slang) To break wind; to fart.
- Who just grunted?
Translations
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See also
editThe frequentative form gruntle.
References
edit- ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “grunt”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Middle English
editVerb
editgrunt
- Alternative form of grunten
Norwegian Bokmål
editAdjective
editgrunt
Norwegian Nynorsk
editAdjective
editgrunt
Old Dutch
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *grunduz.
Noun
editgrunt m
Inflection
editThis noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “grunt”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old High German
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *grunduz.
Noun
editgrunt m
Declension
editcase | singular | plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | grunt | grunta |
accusative | grunt | grunta |
genitive | gruntes | grunto |
dative | grunte | gruntum |
instrumental | gruntu | — |
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Middle High German: grunt
References
edit- Köbler, Gerhard, Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, (6. Auflage) 2014
Old Polish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Middle High German grunt. First attested in 1402.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgrunt m animacy unattested
- ground; field; land
- 1874 [1402], Monumenta Medii Aevi Historica res gestas Poloniae illustrantia. Pomniki Dziejowe Wieków Średnich do objaśnienia rzeczy polskich służące[1], volume XVII, page 81:
- Iohannes... conuallem scilicet vlg. grunt dictam... resignauit
- [Iohannes... conuallem scilicet vlg. grunt dictam... resignauit]
- (attested in Silesia) core (basis of a given thing, foundation)
- 1956 [Middle of the 15th century], Jerzy Woronczak, editor, Teksty polskie w rękopisie nr 43 Biblioteki Kapitulnej we Wrocławiu z połowy XV wieku[2], Silesia, page 56v:
- Dixit Paulus Petro: Pax tecum, fundamentum, grunt, ecclesiarum et pastor ovium
- [Dixit Paulus Petro: Pax tecum, fundamentum, grunt, ecclesiarum et pastor ovium]
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Polish: grunt, gront, grąt (Middle Polish), gruńt (Southern Greater Poland)
- Silesian: grōnt
References
edit- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “grunt”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “grunt”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “grunt”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “grunt”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “grunt”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish grunt.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editgrunt m inan (diminutive gruncik, related adjective gruntowy)
- (countable) ground (arable soil or earth)
- (countable) ground (surface of the earth in a specific place)
- Synonym: ziemia
- (chiefly in the plural, officialese) ground (area of land that is owned by someone)
- Synonym: teren
- (uncountable, masonry) mortar; primer (substance that binds strongly to the substrate, used as a base for painting, plastering and polishing)
- Synonym: zaprawa
- (uncountable, literary) base; primer (previously prepared basis for certain actions; essential element of something) [with dla (+ genitive) or pod (+ accusative) ‘for what’]
- Synonym: podstawa
- (uncountable, literary) foundation; core (certain ideological, cultural whole, characteristic of a specific country or social environment)
- (countable) ground (bottom of a body of water)
- (countable, obsolete) foundation (bottom of a construction)
- Synonym: fundament
- (countable, obsolete) core (reason or cause for something)
- (uncountable, obsolete) land; continent (area of the earth not covered by water)
- Synonym: ląd
- (Middle Polish) world
- Synonym: świat
- (Middle Polish) background
- Synonym: tło
- (Middle Polish) source; documentation; evidence (document or fact that can be relied upon)
- (Middle Polish) certainty, solidness
- (Middle Polish) source (place where something arises)
- (Middle Polish) etymology; etymon
- Synonym: źródłosłów
- (Middle Polish) original version of something
- Synonym: oryginał
- (Middle Polish) pattern, symbol
- (Middle Polish) prepositional phrase
- (Middle Polish) fundament; Further details are uncertain.
- 1532, Bartłomiej z Bydgoszczy, Słownik łacińsko-polski[3], page 62:
- Fundamentum, grvnth, początek
- [Fundamentum, grunt, początek]
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[4], page 400b:
- Solum, Dno/ grunt/ ziemiá.
- [Solum, Dno/ grunt/ ziemia.]
- 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon[5], pages 451c, 140b [2 r.]:
- Terrenum, Dno/ grunt álbo poległość ziemie.
- [Terrenum, Dno/ grunt albo poległość ziemie.]
- 1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum[6], pages 441a, 990b:
- Fundum ‒ Grunt, dno.
- [Fundum ‒ Grunt, dno.]
Usage notes
editThe nominative and accusative plural form grunta is dated.
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- stać na twardym gruncie impf
- stanąć na gruncie pf, stawać na gruncie impf
- stanąć na twardym gruncie pf, stawać na twardym gruncie impf
- wybadać grunt pf, badać grunt impf
Related terms
editDescendants
editFurther reading
edit- grunt in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- grunt in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “grunt”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “GRUNT”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 25.05.2009
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “grunt”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “grunt”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “grunt”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 921
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editgrȕnt m (Cyrillic spelling гру̏нт)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | grȕnt | grùntovi |
genitive | grunta | gruntova |
dative | gruntu | gruntovima |
accusative | grunt | gruntove |
vocative | grunte | gruntovi |
locative | gruntu | gruntovima |
instrumental | gruntom | gruntovima |
Swedish
editAdjective
editgrunt
Adverb
editgrunt
- shallowly
- gentemot såväl grundt rationalistiska som känslosamt svärmiska religiösa riktningar.
- towards both shallowly rationalistic and emotionally fanatical religious tendencies.
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ʌnt
- Rhymes:English/ʌnt/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- American English
- English military slang
- English slang
- Canadian English
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- British English
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Automotive
- en:Animal sounds
- en:People
- en:Percoid fish
- en:Pigs
- en:Vocalizations
- en:Desserts
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English verbs
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål adjective forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk adjective forms
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch nouns
- Old Dutch masculine nouns
- Old High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German nouns
- Old High German masculine nouns
- Old High German a-stem nouns
- Old Polish terms derived from Old High German
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms borrowed from Middle High German
- Old Polish terms derived from Middle High German
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish nouns
- Old Polish masculine nouns
- Old Polish terms with quotations
- Silesia Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Middle High German
- Polish terms derived from Old High German
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/unt
- Rhymes:Polish/unt/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish countable nouns
- Polish officialese terms
- Polish uncountable nouns
- pl:Masonry
- Polish literary terms
- Polish terms with obsolete senses
- Middle Polish
- Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Polish terms with quotations
- pl:Water
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Regional Serbo-Croatian
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish adjective forms
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adverbs
- Swedish terms with usage examples