ar

Abbreviation of English Arabic

ar

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Arabic.

• Wiktionary's coverage of Arabic terms

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈɑː/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹ/
• (Ireland) IPA^(key): /ˈaɹ/, /ˈäːɹ/
• (African-American Vernacular) IPA^(key): /ˈɑɹə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː, -ɑɹ, -ɔɹ, -ɑɹə

From Middle English *ar, arres pl, from earlier *er.

ar (plural ars)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

   All the ars in the inscription.

   • 2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:

     I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.

   • 2016 CCEB, Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures: ACP125 (G), p. 3-5

     RV [is spoken] as "ar-vee" instead of "I SPELL Romeo Victor".

• ar-dropping
• arless

• → Malay: ar
• → Tagalog: ar

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed

ar

1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

• oh ar

ar

1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands) Alternative form of arr

ar

1. Obsolete spelling of are.
   • 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster:

     But commonlie, the fairest bodies, ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

ar

1. (Manglish, Singlish) Alternative form of ah (question particle)

• 'RA, 'Ra, ra, RA, Ra

ar

1. Pometia pinnata

• ār (NW Gheg)^[1]

Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin aurum (“gold”).^[2][3] Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

• IPA^(key): /aɾ/

ar m (definite ari)^[4]

1. (chemistry) gold

   Synonyms: flori, dukat

   • 1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari:

     Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome se ari.

     The temptations of her religion are more precious than (the) gold.

2. (figurative) treasure, gem

   Synonym: thesar

3. golden thread

• artë, praroj, artar, arturinë

ar (feminine are)

1. golden

   Synonyms: artë, flori

   Ai/ajo e ka zemrën ar. ― He/she has a golden heart.

2. (figurative) precious

   Synonym: çmueshëm

3. (figurative) yellow; white, bright

   Synonyms: verdhë, lylc, bardhë, ndritshëm

4. (figurative) blonde, bright, light (hair)

   Synonym: biond

Probably via French are (“are”).

• IPA^(key): /aɾ/

ar m (plural arë, definite ari, definite plural arët)^[5]

1. are (unit of area; abbrev. a)

   (metric unit of measure:) 1 a = 100 (m²) square meters = ~119.6 square yards

   Synonym: a (abbrev.)

• aru

From Latin arō. Compare Daco-Romanian ara, ar.

ar first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative arã, past participle aratã)

1. to plough

Borrowed from Arabic عَار (ʕār).

• IPA^(key): /ɑr/

• Audio (Baku):

  (file)

ar (definite accusative arı, plural arlar)

1. feeling of shame

• utanma, abır, həya

• arlanmaq
• arsız
  • arsızcasına
  • arsızlıq

• Audio:

  (file)

ar inan or anim

1. male

ar

1. the

• an
• al

ar

1. third person plural general possessive; their

From Middle High German ahorn, from Old High German ahorn. Cognate with German Ahorn.

ar m

1. (Luserna) maple, maple tree

• aorn (Sette Comuni)

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

ar

1. (Sette Comuni) Short for èar (“he”).

   Ar khimmet lóofanten.

   He comes running.

• “ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

From French are, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ar/

ar m inan

1. are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

• “ar”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “ar”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

• IPA^(key): /ɑːr/, [ɑːˀ]
• Rhymes: -aːˀr

From Old Norse ørr.

ar n (singular definite arret, plural indefinite ar)

1. scar
2. (slang) mouth

ar

1. imperative of arre

From French are, from Latin ārea (“open space”).

ar c (singular definite aren, plural indefinite ar)

1. are (square decametre, 100 m²)

•   ar on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da
•   Ar (sår) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

• IPA^(key): /ɑr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ar
• Rhymes: -ɑr

From Middle Dutch arre, erre, irre, from Old Dutch *irri, from Proto-Germanic *irzijaz.

ar (comparative arder, superlative arst)

1. (obsolete) angry, furious
2. (archaic) sorry, sad, regrettable

• in arren moede

Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).

ar m or f (plural arren, diminutive arretje n)

1. (obsolete) sledge

• arrenslee

Compare German er.

ar

1. (Erzgebirgisch) he

• 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler, Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch‎^[1], 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 17:

From Old Galician-Portuguese aar, from an older aere, from Latin aēr.

• aire

• IPA^(key): [ˈaɾ]

ar m (plural ares)

1. air

Unknown

• IPA^(key): [ˈaɾ]

ar

1. (archaic) furthermore, in addition
2. (archaic) never

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “aar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “aere”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

• IPA^(key): /ʔár/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ʔár]
• Hyphenation: ar̃

ar̃

1. damn it

From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:

1. ar (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
2. for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸer (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
3. íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.

Cognates include Manx er and Scottish Gaelic air.

The pronunciation is taken from the third-person singular masculine inflected form air, although the spellings remain distinct in the standard language.

• IPA^(key): /ɛɾʲ/^[1]

ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

1. on
2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions

   Tá áthas orm.

   I am glad.

   (literally, “Joy is on me.”)

   Tá ocras orm.

   I am hungry.

   (literally, “Hunger is on me.”)

   Tá slaghdán orm.

   I have a cold.

   (literally, “A cold is on me.”)

3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state

   ar crith ― trembling

   ar foluain ― hovering

   ar díol ― for sale

4. upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)

   ar éirí dom ― when I get/got up; upon my rising

5. upon (with a (“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)

   ar a theacht / arna theacht ― when he comes/came; on his coming

   ar a chríochnú dom / arna chríochnú dom ― when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it

6. (in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to

   Bhí orainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.

   We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.

See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "ar"

an +‎ -r

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

1. Used to form direct and indirect questions

   Ar chuala tú mé? ― Did you hear me?

   Níl a fhios agam ar chas sé an t-amhrán. ― I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.

   Ar ól an cat an bainne? ― Did the cat drink the milk?

   Ar cuireadh an síol? ― Was the seed sown?

2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants

   Ar mhúinteoir tú? ― Were you a teacher?

• an (used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)

1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense

   an fear ar múinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son is a teacher

   an fear ar iascaire a mhac ― the man whose son is a fisherman

2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense

   an fear ar mhúinteoir a mhac ― the man whose son was a teacher

3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense

   Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?

   Would you like a cup of tea?

   Níl a fhios agam ar mhaith léi cupán tae.

   I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.

a +‎ -r

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

1. Introduces an indirect relative clause

   an chathaoir ar shuigh an gasúr air ― the chair the boy sat on

   an cailín ar ól a cat an bainne ― the girl whose cat drank the milk

   an gort ar cuireadh an síol ann ― the field the seed was sown in

• a (used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

1. all that, whatever

   Sin ar chonnaic mé ann.

   That’s all that I saw there.

   Ar thuig tú ar canadh?

   Did you understand all that was sung?

   Cheannaigh mé ar íoc tú as.

   I bought whatever you paid for.

• a (form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

From Middle Irish ol, from Old Irish ol.

ar (used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

1. said, says

   “Tar isteach,” ar seisean.

   “Come in,” he said.

   “Ní thuigim,” ar sise.

   “I don’t understand,” she says.

   “Cén fáth?” ar siadsan.

   “Why?” they said.

• arsa (used with other persons and with full nouns)

Old Irish ar (“ploughing, ploughed land”), verbal noun of airid (“to plough”).

ar m (genitive singular air)

1. (literary, agriculture) verbal noun of air (“plough”)
2. (literary, agriculture) tillage

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ar”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “ar”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

• IPA^(key): /ˈar/
• Rhymes: -ar
• Hyphenation: àr

ar

1. (Rome) Contraction of a er (“to the, at the”).

Derived from English or.

ar

1. or
   • 2023, Yuunivorshal Deklarieshan a Yuuman Raits, United Nations, Aatikl 17:

     Evribadi av di rait fi uon prapati bai demself ar wid ada piipl.

     Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

     (literally, “Everybody have the right to own property by themselves or with other people.”)

ar

1. her
   • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Maak 7:30:

     Wen shi riich uom shi si ar pikni lai dong pan ar bed an di diiman gaan outa ar.

     She went home and found the child lying on the bed, the demon gone.

     (literally, “When she went home she saw her child lying on the bed and the demon had gone out of her.”)

• ar at majstro.com

From Sanskrit आरा (ārā), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óleh₂ (“awl”). Cognate with German Ahle, English awl.

ar

1. awl

From Proto-Khasian *ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɓaar. Cognate with Pnar ar, Blang lál, Bahnar ʼbar, Khmer ពីរ (pii), Vietnamese hai, Santali ᱵᱟᱨ (bar).

ar

1. two

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ár. Cognates include Latvian ar (“with”) and dialectal Lithuanian ar (“and”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈâr]
• Hyphenation: ar

ar (+ instrumental)

1. with

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanian ar (“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).

ar (with instrumental)

1. with

ar

1. inflection of art:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of art
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of art

• er

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“thus, so”), thought to be a specialized conjunctional usage of the Proto-Indo-European root's usual "to fit" meaning. Cognate with Latvian ar (“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα (ára, “then”).^[1][2]

ar̃

1. (interrogative) whether, if

   Ar norite valgyti? ― Do you want to eat?

   Nežinau, ar tai tiesa, ar ne. ― I don't know whether that is true or not.

2. (dialectal) and

Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to use ar to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose: ar̃gi, bè, benè, gál, kažìn, nègi, nejaũ, nejaũgi.

• czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

• “ar”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
• “ar”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024

From English ar.

• (Johor) IPA^(key): /ˈa(r)/ [ˈa(r)]

• (Penang, Baku) IPA^(key): /ˈar/ [ˈar]

ar (plural ar-ar)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter R/r.

• er (Indonesian)
• ra (Jawi letter name)

• (Latin-script letter names) huruf; e, bi, si, di, i, ef, ji, hec, ai, je, ke, el, em, en, o, pi, kiu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dabel yu, eks, way, zed

From Latin arō.^[1] Compare Romanian ara, ar.

ar

1. plough

• ărari
• ărat

• Atasanov, Petar (1990) Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske

ar

1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

ar

1. (Northern) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

• er

• IPA^(key): /ar/

From Proto-Brythonic *ar, from Proto-Celtic *ɸare.

ar (triggers lenition)

1. on, upon
2. over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet a oed yn arglwyd ar seith cantref Dyuet.

     Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed was lord of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed.

• First-person singular: arnaf
• Second-person singular: arnat
• Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
• Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
• First-person plural: arnam
• Second-person plural: arnawch
• Third-person plural: arnunt

• ar hynny (“thereupon”)
• y ar (“from upon”)

• Welsh: ar

ar

1. he/she who, whoever
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.

     Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.

2. that which, whatever
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?

     What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

• IPA^(key): /ɑːɾ/

From Proto-Iranian *āθ(a)r-, from *HáHtr̥š, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtr̥š (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₁ter- (“fire”).

ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)

1. fire

   Synonyms: agir, alav, pêt

2. ash, ashes

• ardû

ar m (Arabic spelling ئار)

1. Alternative form of ard (“flour”)

ar ?

1. shame, disgrace

   Synonym: 'ar

2. are (square decametre, 100 m²)
3. Abbreviation of argon.

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 10

 

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:

ar (måleenhet)

Wikipedia ^no

From French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground”), either from Proto-Italic *āzeā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eHs- (“to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes”), or from Proto-Italic *āreā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from *h₂eh₂rh₃- (“threshing tool”).

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara or arene)

1. an are, area of 100 square metres

• dekar

• “ar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “ar” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

 

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

ar

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

From French are, from Latin area.

ar n (definite singular aret, indefinite plural ar, definite plural ara)

1. an are, area of 100 square metres

• dekar

• “ar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• IPA^(key): /ɑːr/

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu (“respect, honour”). Cognate with German Ehre.

• āre

ār f

1. honour, glory, grace
   • Exeter Book, The Wanderer

     Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
     Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

     A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
     Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

Strong ō-stem:

• ārlīċe (“honorably”)
• ārstafas (“help, kindness”)
• woroldār (“worldly honour”)

• Middle English: ore, oore, or, ȝore, aore, are, ære (Early Middle English), ar, are (Northern)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀ. Cognate with Old Norse eir (“brass, copper”), German ehern (“of metal, of iron”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European *áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutch oer (“iron-holding earth”). Compare Latin aes (“bronze, copper”), Avestan 𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskrit अयस् (áyas, “copper, iron”).

ār n

1. ore, brass, copper

Strong a-stem:

• Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)
  • English: ore
  • Scots: ure, uir

From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“oar”), from Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old Norse ár, Danish åre, Swedish åra.

ār f

1. oar

Strong ō-stem:

• Middle English: ore, hore, oore, are, aurre (Northern)
  • English: oar
  • Scots: air

From Proto-West Germanic *airu (“messenger”), from Proto-Germanic *airuz. Cognate with Old Saxon ēru, Old Norse árr, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 (airus).

ār m

1. messenger, herald
   • 8^th-11^th century, Beowulf, ll. 335-6:

     Ic eom Hroðgares ar ond ombiht.

     I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.

2. angel
3. missionary

Strong a-stem:

• er

from Latin re- (“again”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈaɾ/

ar

1. also
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 90 (facsimile):

     & ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte

     and also without equal when you conceived God

2. again
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 274 (facsimile):

     na obra que leyxara / por fazer ar começou

     (He) started working again on his unfinished work

• Portuguese: er

• IPA^(key): /ar/

From Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂í. Cognates include Ancient Greek παραί (paraí, “beside”) and Old English fore (modern English for and fore).

ar (with accusative or dative)

1. for, for the sake of, because of

For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.

Forms combined with the definite article:

• masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
• neuter accusative singular: ara
• dative singular all genders: arin(d), airind(í)
• accusative plural all genders: arna
• dative plural all genders: a(i)rnaib

Forms combined with a possessive determiner: