Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adak
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
editEtymology
editUsually considered to be simplex, however some theories have been thrown around:
- Németh and some other linguists derive it from *āt- (“to take a step”).
- Nişanyan suggests a derivation from *ad- (“to seperate”), however states that the morphology is not very obvious as there is no deverbal noun forming *-ak suffix.
- Hamilton puts forth the possibility of being derived from *yād- (“to spread”).[1]
Sevortyan's attempt at relating it with Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”) and Räsänen's attempt to link it with Korean 바닥 (badak) are unfounded.
Noun
edit*adak or *hadak
- (anatomy) foot
- (figurative) the end of something
Declension
editDeclension of *adak
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *adak |
| Accusative | *adakïg, *adaknï1) |
| Genitive | *adaknïŋ |
| Dative | *adakka |
| Locative | *adakda |
| Ablative | *adakdan |
| Allative | *adakgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *adakïn |
| Equative 2) | *adakča |
| Similative 2) | *adaklayu |
| Comitative 2) | *adaklïgu |
1) Originally only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Derived terms
editDescendants
edit- Oghur:
- Chuvash: ура (ura)
- Common Turkic: *adak
References
edit- ^ Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 144
- ^ Sanžejev, G. D., Orlovskaja, M. N., Ševernina, Z. V. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ mongolʹskix jazykov: v 3 t. [Etymological dictionary of Mongolic languages: in 3 vols.] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 35
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aḏak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 45
- Eren, Hasan (1999) “ayak”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 26
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ayak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 5
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 105
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*adak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill