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Japanese

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Alternative spellings
給う
賜う

Etymology

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From Old Japanese たまふ (tamapu).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「給う
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
給う [tàmáꜜù]
Imperative (命令形) 給え [tàmáꜜè]
Key constructions
Passive 給われる まわれ [tàmáwáréꜜrù]
Causative 給わせる まわせ [tàmáwáséꜜrù]
Potential 給える まえ [tàmáéꜜrù]
Volitional 給おう まお [tàmáóꜜò]
Negative 給わない まわない [tàmáwáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 給わなかった まわなかった [tàmáwáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 給います まいま [tàmáímáꜜsù]
Perfective 給った った [tàmáꜜttà]
Conjunctive 給って って [tàmáꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 給えば えば [tàmáꜜèbà]

Verb

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たまう (tamauたまふ (tamafu)?godan (stem たまい (tamai), past たまった (tamatta))

Japanese verb pair
active たまう
mediopassive 賜る
  1. (dated, honorific) to give; to grant
    Synonym: 下さる
  2. (honorific) (to do something) for me/for us

Usage notes

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  • (to give):
    • Usually considered overpolite today.
  • (to do something for me):
    • Used especially in the imperative tense to form polite commands. It is attached to the continuative form of a verb and is often spelled in hiragana.
      こちら()たまえ
      Kochira e kitamae.
      Come here.
    • Less polite than (くだ)さる (kudasaru). Mostly used by superiors to subordinates.

Conjugation

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN