अप्

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Cognate with Avestan 𐬀𐬞 (ap), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiyā⁠/, “into the water”), Tocharian B āp (“water”), Hittite 𒄩𒉺𒀀 (ḫa-pa-a, “towards the river”), Persian آب (âb), Latin amnis (“river”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́p/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐp/

अप् • (áp) stem, f

1. water (also personified as a deity)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:जल

   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.9.1:

     आपो॒ हि ष्ठा म॑यो॒भुव॒स्ता न॑ ऊ॒र्जे द॑धातन।
     म॒हे रणा॑य॒ चक्ष॑से॥

     ā́po hí ṣṭhā́ mayobhúvastā́ na ūrjé dadhātana.
     mahé ráṇāya cákṣase.

     Ye, Waters, are beneficent: so help ye us to energy
     That we may look on great delight.

2. (astronomy) the star δ Virginis in Virgo

In Vedic Sanskrit, used both in singular and in plural; in Classical Sanskrit, only in plural.

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (âu)
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (aw)
• Pali: āpa
• → Old Marathi: आप (āpa) (learned)

• Monier Williams (1899) “अप्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 47, column 3.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “ap”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.