長安

See also: 长安

Chinese

		long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop	content; calm; still content; calm; still; quiet; to pacify; peace; how
trad. (長安)		長	安
simp. (长安)		长	安

Wikipedia has articles on:

長安 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
長安 (Cantonese)
長安 (Classical)
Tiông-an (Southern Min)
Chang'an (English)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cháng'ān

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ ㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng⁴ on¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Chhòng-ôn
Eastern Min (BUC): Diòng-ăng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Tiông-an

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cháng'ān
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cháng-an
  - Wade–Giles: chʻang²-an¹
  - Yale: cháng-ān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charngan
  - Palladius: чанъань (čanʺanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ ˀän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: coeng⁴ on¹
  - Yale: chèuhng ōn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng⁴ on¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng⁴ on¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ²¹ ɔːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Chhòng-ôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong^ˇ on^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong² on¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ¹¹ on²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Diòng-ăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiông-an
  - Tâi-lô: Tiông-an
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diong'afn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² an³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔŋ¹³⁻²² an⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ an⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɔŋ²³⁻³³ an⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: drjang 'an

Rime
Character	長	安
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	直良切	烏寒切
Baxter	drjang	'an
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨɐŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖiɐŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiɑŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨaŋ/	/ʔan/
Li Rong	/ȡiaŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Wang Li	/ȡĭaŋ/	/ɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯aŋ/	/ʔɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cháng	ān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coeng⁴	on¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-[N]-traŋ [ʔ]ˤa[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*daŋ qaːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	長	安
Reading #	1/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cháng	ān
Middle Chinese	‹ drjang ›	‹ 'an ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-[N]-traŋ/	/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
English	long (adj.)	peace(ful)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	長	安
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	1276	11
Phonetic component	長	安
Rime group	陽	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	長	安
Old Chinese	/*daŋ/	/*qaːn/

Proper noun

長安

(historical) Chang'an (an ancient capital of various Chinese empires located within present-day Xi'an)
(～區, formerly ～縣) Chang'an (a district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)
(～區) Chang'an (a district of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China)
(～鎮) Chang'an (name of various towns in China)
1. Chang'an (a town in Dongguan, Guangdong, China)
(～鄉, ～土家族鄉) Chang'an (a township in Fengjie, Chongqing, China)
Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex (an UNESCO World Heritage Site in Ninh Bình, Vietnam)

Derived terms

小長安／小长安 (Xiǎocháng'ān)
長安街／长安街 (Cháng'ān Jiē)

Descendants

→ English: Chang'an, Ch'ang-an

Noun

長安

(literary, figurative) capital city

Synonyms

edit

上國／上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
京師／京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
京華／京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
國都／国都 (guódū)
帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
神州 (shénzhōu) (literary)
都城 (dūchéng)
都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
都門／都门 (dūmén) (literary)
鎬京／镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
首都 (shǒudū)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

長安

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
長	安
ちょう Grade: 2	あん Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちょーあん [chóꜜòàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːã̠ɴ]

Proper noun

長(ちょう)安(あん) • (Chōan) ^{←ちやうあん (Tyauan)^?}

(historical) Chang'an

Korean

Hanja in this term
長	安

Proper noun

長安 • (Jang'an) (hangeul 장안)

hanja form^? of 장안 (“Chang'an”)

Tày

Proper noun

長安 (an)

Nôm form of Tàng An (“Chang'an”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
長	安

Proper noun

長安

chữ Hán form of Tràng An (“Chang'an”).

Notes: An alternative reading could be Trường An