醒

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

醒 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一田日竹一 (MWAHM), four-corner 1661₄, composition ⿰酉星)

Derived characters

𫬞

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1285, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39936
Dae Jaweon: page 1785, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3590, character 1
Unihan data for U+9192

Chinese

trad.		醒
simp. ^#		醒

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猜	*sʰlɯː
輤	*sʰleːns
綪	sʰleːns, ʔsreːŋ
倩	sʰleːns, sʰleŋs
棈	*sʰleːns
蒨	*sʰeːns
篟	*sʰeːns
生	sʰleːŋ, sreŋs
牲	*sreŋ
笙	*sreŋ
甥	*sreŋ
鉎	sreŋ, sleːŋ
珄	*sreŋ
鼪	sreŋ, sreŋs
猩	sreŋ, seːŋ
狌	*sreŋ
眚	*sreŋʔ
貹	*sreŋs
崝	*zreːŋ
精	ʔsleŋ, ʔsleŋs
菁	*ʔsleŋ
鶄	ʔsleŋ, sʰleːŋ
蜻	ʔsleŋ, sʰleːŋ
鼱	*ʔsleŋ
婧	ʔsleŋ, zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛	ʔsleŋ, sʰleŋʔ
箐	*ʔsleŋ
聙	*ʔsleŋ
旌	*ʔsleŋ
清	*sʰleŋ
圊	*sʰleŋ
請	sʰleŋʔ, zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊	*sʰleŋs
䝼	zleŋs, zleŋ
靚	*zleŋs
情	*zleŋ
晴	*zleŋ
夝	*zleŋ
靜	*zleŋʔ
靖	*zleŋʔ
睲	seŋʔ, seːŋs
惺	seŋʔ, seːŋ
性	*sleŋs
姓	*sleŋs
靗	*l̥ʰeŋs
鯖	ʔljeŋ, sʰleːŋ
青	*sʰleːŋ
靘	sʰleːŋ, sʰleːŋs
掅	*sʰleːŋs
胜	*sleːŋ
曐	*sleːŋ
星	*sleːŋ
鮏	*sleːŋ
腥	seːŋ, seːŋs
鯹	*seːŋ
醒	seːŋ, seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂	*seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ).

Etymology

Cognate with 清 (OC *sʰleŋ, “clear”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xǐng, xīng (xing³, xing¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˇ, ㄒㄧㄥ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xin³
Cantonese (Jyutping): seng² / sing² / sing¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siáng
Eastern Min (BUC): chāng / chiāng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ca³ / caⁿ³ / sing³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhíⁿ / chhéⁿ / séng

(Teochew, Peng'im): cên²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xǐng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sǐng
  - Wade–Giles: hsing³
  - Yale: syǐng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiing
  - Palladius: син (sin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sing
  - Wade–Giles: hsing¹
  - Yale: syīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
  - Palladius: син (sin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xin³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: seng² / sing² / sing¹
  - Yale: séng / síng / sīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: seng² / sing² / sing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: séng² / xing² / xing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ³⁵/, /sɪŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

seng2 - vernacular (“to awaken”);
sing2 - literary (including “clever”);
sing1 - literary, used only in poetry.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siáng
  - Hakka Romanization System: xiang^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xiang³
  - Sinological IPA: /si̯aŋ³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chāng / chiāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/, /t͡sʰiaŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ca³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: caⁿ³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰã³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhíⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshínn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chvie
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰĩ⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡sʰĩ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhéⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshénn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhvea
  - IPA (Tainan, Yilan): /t͡sʰẽ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰẽ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: séng
  - Tâi-lô: síng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seang
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /siɪŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /siɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴¹/

Note:

chhíⁿ/chhéⁿ - vernacular;
séng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cên²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshéⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰẽ⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shin
  - MiniDict: shin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕin³⁴/

Middle Chinese: seng, sengX, sengH

Rime
Character	醒	醒	醒
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	青 (125)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV	IV
Fanqie	桑經切	蘇挺切	蘇佞切
Baxter	seng	sengX	sengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/seŋ/	/seŋ^X/	/seŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/seŋ/	/seŋ^X/	/seŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛŋ/	/sɛŋ^X/	/sɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛjŋ/	/sɛjŋ^X/	/sɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/seŋ/	/seŋ^X/	/seŋ^H/
Wang Li	/sieŋ/	/sieŋ^X/	/sieŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sieŋ/	/sieŋ^X/	/sieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xīng	xǐng	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing¹	sing²	sing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tsʰˤeŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*seːŋ/, /*seːŋʔ/, /*seːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	醒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xǐng
Middle Chinese	‹ seng^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tsʰˁeŋʔ/
English	wake up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	醒	醒	醒
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	11377	11380	11382
Phonetic component	生	生	生
Rime group	耕	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	星	醒	腥
Old Chinese	/*seːŋ/	/*seːŋʔ/	/*seːŋs/

Definitions

醒

to sober up
to awaken; to wake up
to be awake
to realize; to become aware of
to decant (wine, etc.)
(Cantonese) clever; intelligent; sharp
(Cantonese) to gift
私人醒 [Cantonese] ― si¹ jan⁴ seng² [Jyutping] ― to gift someone personally

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 聰明 (“clever; intelligent; smart; bright”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		聰明, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		聰明, 機靈, 伶俐, 聰敏, 聰穎, 聰慧
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	聰明
	Taiwan	聰明
	Malaysia	聰明
	Singapore	聰明
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	聰明
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	靈, 靈醒
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	精靈, 聰明
	Wuhan	聰明
	Guilin	聰明
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	聰明
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	聰明
Cantonese	Guangzhou	聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
	Hong Kong	聰明, 醒, 醒目, 叻, 精
	Taishan	聰明, 叻, 參
	Kaiping (Chikan)	叻
	Yangjiang	伶俐, 叻
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	精, 扮𠮨
	Singapore (Guangfu)	聰明, 精, 叻, 醒目, 扮𠮨
Gan	Nanchang	精靈, 聰明
Hakka	Meixian	聰明, 機靈
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	聰明
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	聰明
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	聰明
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	聰明, 精
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	聰明, 精
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	聰明
	Kuching (Hepo)	將
Jin	Taiyuan	機靈, 聰明
Northern Min	Jian'ou	聰明
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	聰明
Southern Min	Xiamen	聰明
	Quanzhou	聰明, 骨, 骨鳥 derogatory
	Zhangzhou	聰明
	Taipei	聰明, 巧, 明白
	Singapore (Hokkien)	聰明, 𠢕, 勥, 醒目, 巧
	Manila (Hokkien)	巧, 勥, 𠢕
	Chaozhou	聰明
	Singapore (Teochew)	聰明
	Wenchang	精
	Singapore (Hainanese)	精
Wu	Suzhou	聰明
	Ningbo	聰明
	Wenzhou	靈, 聰明
Xiang	Changsha	靈泛, 聰明
Xiang	Shuangfeng	聰明

Compounds

不醒
不醒人事 (bùxǐngrénshì)
久夢初醒／久梦初醒
半睡半醒
叫醒 (jiàoxǐng)
叫醒服務／叫醒服务
喚醒／唤醒 (huànxǐng)
大夢初醒／大梦初醒
大覺醒／大觉醒
如夢初醒／如梦初醒 (rúmèngchūxǐng)
如夢方醒／如梦方醒 (rúmèngfāngxǐng)
如醉初醒
如醉方醒
定醒
復醒／复醒
提醒 (tíxǐng)
昏迷不醒
清醒 (qīngxǐng)
猛醒
獨醒／独醒
甦醒／苏醒 (sūxǐng)
眾人皆醉我獨醒／众人皆醉我独醒 (zhòngrén jiē zuì wǒ dú xǐng)
眾醉獨醒／众醉独醒
蘇醒／苏醒 (sūxǐng)
覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
警醒 (jǐngxǐng)
醒世 (xǐngshì)
醒世恆言／醒世恒言 (Xǐngshì Héngyán)
醒來／醒来 (xǐnglái)
醒悟 (xǐngwù)
醒木
醒狂
醒目 (xǐngmù)
醒眼 (xǐngyǎn)
醒睡 (xǐngshuì)
醒脾
醒覺／醒觉
醒豁
醒酒 (xǐngjiǔ)
醒酒石
驚醒／惊醒
點醒／点醒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (醒):

→ Vietnamese: tỉnh (醒)

References

“醒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “醒”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 71.
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “醒”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 265.

Japanese

Kanji

醒

(Jōyō kanji)

to wake up
to become sober, to be disillusioned

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
Kun: さめる (sameru, 醒める)、さます (samasu, 醒ます)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

醒 (eumhun 깰 성 (kkael seong))

hanja form^? of 성 (“waking up; being sober”)

Compounds

각성 (覺醒, gakseong, “awakening, revival”)
각성제 (覺醒劑, gakseongje, “a stimulant”)

Vietnamese

Han character

醒: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh

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