詐

See also: 诈

詐	U+8A50, 詐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A50

← 詏
[U+8A4F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

詑 →
[U+8A51]

Translingual

Han character

詐 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人尸 (YROS), four-corner 0861₁, composition ⿰訁乍)

Derived characters

𠁙, 𨐷

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1154, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35373
Dae Jaweon: page 1620, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3954, character 11
Unihan data for U+8A50

Chinese

trad.		詐
simp.		诈

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 詐
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (乍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
作	ʔsaːɡs, ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ
鲊	*ʔsraːʔ
痄	*ʔsraːʔ
厏	ʔsraːʔ, zraːʔ
詐	*ʔsraːɡs
咋	ʔsraːɡs, zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ
笮	ʔsraːɡs, zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ
榨	*ʔsraːɡs
炸	ʔr'aːɡs, zreːb
乍	*zraːɡs
拃	*ʔsraːnʔ
酢	sʰaːɡs, zaːɡ
祚	*zaːɡs
胙	*zaːɡs
阼	*zaːɡs
飵	zaːɡs, zaːɡ
秨	zaːɡs, zaːɡ
迮	ʔsaːɡ, ʔsraːɡ
柞	ʔsaːɡ, zaːɡ
昨	*zaːɡ
怍	*zaːɡ
砟	*zaːɡ
莋	*zaːɡ
岝	zaːɡ, zraːɡ
鈼	*zaːɡ
筰	*zaːɡ
葃	zaːɡ, zreːɡ, *zaɡ
舴	ʔr'aːɡ, ʔsraːɡ
窄	*ʔsraːɡ
蚱	*ʔsraːɡ
齚	*zraːɡ
泎	*zraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhà, zhǎ (zha⁴, zha³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ, ㄓㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): cha

(Meixian, Guangdong): za⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): cá
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chà / chè / chèe

(Teochew, Peng'im): za³ / dên³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
  - Wade–Giles: cha⁴
  - Yale: jà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎ
  - Wade–Giles: cha³
  - Yale: jǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaa
  - Palladius: чжа (čža)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä²¹⁴/

Note: zhǎ - Taiwan, “to bluff someone into giving information”.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaa³
  - Yale: ja
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: za³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha
  - Hakka Romanization System: za
  - Hagfa Pinyim: za⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: za⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chà
  - Tâi-lô: tsà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zax
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sa²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sa¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
  - Tâi-lô: tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zex
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡se²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
  - Tâi-lô: tsèe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/

Note: chà - literary, chè/chèe - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: za³ / dên³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsà / tèⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sa²¹³/, /tẽ²¹³/

Note:

za3 - literary;
dên3 - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: tsraeH

Rime
Character	詐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側駕切
Baxter	tsraeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃa^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃa^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃa^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂa^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaa³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤrak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	詐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhà
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrae^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ˁrak-s/
English	treacherous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	詐
Reading #	1/1
No.	16645
Phonetic component	乍
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	詐
Old Chinese	/*ʔsraːɡs/

Definitions

詐

to cheat; to defraud; to swindle
爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 ― ěryúwǒzhà ― to deceive each other
- 盟曰：「我無爾詐，爾無我虞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  盟曰：「我无尔诈，尔无我虞。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Méng yuē: “Wǒ wú ěr zhà, ěr wú wǒ yú.” [Pinyin]
  The covenant said, “We shall not defraud you, and you shall not deceive us.
to pretend; to feign
詐病／诈病 ― zhàbìng ― to feign illness
- 將軍紀信乃乘王駕，詐為漢王，誑楚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  将军纪信乃乘王驾，诈为汉王，诳楚。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Jiāngjūn Jì Xìn nǎi chéng wángjià, zhà wèi hànwáng, kuáng chǔ. [Pinyin]
  General Ji Xin rode the king's carriage, pretending to be the King of Han (Liu Bang) to deceive the Chu.
to bluff (someone) into giving information
(obsolete) pretty; charming; dignified; haughty; proud
(obsolete) Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”)
- 此偏戰也，曷為以詐戰之辭言之？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  此偏战也，曷为以诈战之辞言之？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
  Cǐ piānzhàn yě, hé wèi yǐ zhàzhàn zhī cí yán zhī? [Pinyin]
  This was a positional war. Why does it then talk about it in terms of a surprise attack? (translation adapted from Gentz, 2015)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

詐

(Jōyō kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

詐 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

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Vietnamese

Han character

詐: Hán Nôm readings: trá, cha

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