蚯蚓

Chinese

		earthworm
simp. and trad. (蚯蚓)	蚯	蚓
2nd round simp.	丘引
alternative forms	蚯螾丘蚓丘螾邱蚓邱螾

Wikipedia has an article on:

蚯蚓

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what does 蚯 mean?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qiūyǐn

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡㄧㄣˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qiu¹ yin³
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ jan⁵
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): gao⁶ ung² / kiu¹ ing²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chieu-yin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiūyǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciouyǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹-yin³
  - Yale: chyōu-yǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiouyiin
  - Palladius: цюинь (cjuinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qiu¹ yin³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiujn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵ in⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jau¹ jan⁵
  - Yale: yāu yáhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ jan⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ yen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ jɐn¹³/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gao⁶ ung² / kiu¹ ing²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kău úng / khiu íng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³⁵⁻¹¹ uŋ⁵²/, /kʰiu³³⁻²³ iŋ⁵²/

Note:

gao6 ung2 - vernacular;
kiu1 ing2 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹chieu-yin
  - MiniDict: chieu^平 yin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qieu-hhin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵⁵ ɦin²¹/

Middle Chinese: khjuw yinX

Rime
Character	蚯	蚓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去鳩切	余忍切
Baxter	khjuw	yinX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/	/jiɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/	/jin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/	/jen^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/	/jin^X/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/	/iĕn^X/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/	/jĭĕn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/	/i̯ĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū	yǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau¹	jan⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə [ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ linʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蚯	蚓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū	yǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›	‹ yin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰə/	/*[ɢ](r)ə[r]ʔ/
English	蚯蚓 khjuw.yinX earth-worm	earth-worm (khjuw.yinX)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蚯	蚓
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10525	15307
Phonetic component	丘	引
Rime group	之	眞
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	丘	引
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/	/*linʔ/
Notes	見禮記	說文同螾

Noun

蚯蚓

earthworm (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
- 螻蟈鳴，蚯螾出，王瓜生，苦菜秀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  蝼蝈鸣，蚯螾出，王瓜生，苦菜秀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Lóuguō míng, qiūyǐn chū, wángguā shēng, kǔcài xiù. [Pinyin]
  The green frogs croak. Earthworms come forth. The royal melons grow. The sow-thistle is in seed.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蚯蚓 (“earthworm”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蚓, 蚯蚓, 蜿蟺, 蜸蚕, 螼蚓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蚯蚓
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	曲蟮, 曲串
	Taiwan	蚯蚓
	Langfang	曲拆
	Chengde	曲串
	Ulanhot	曲蛇
	Tongliao	蚯蚓
	Chifeng	蚯蚓, 曲蟲, 曲蟮
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	蚯蚓, 曲蛇
	Heihe	蚯蚓, 曲蛇
	Qiqihar	曲蛇
	Harbin	蚯蚓, 曲蛇
	Jiamusi	蚯蚓, 曲蛇
	Baicheng	蚯蚓, 曲蛇
	Changchun	曲蛇
	Tonghua	曲蛇
	Shenyang	蚯蚓, 赤蟲, 曲蛇
	Jinzhou	蚯蚓, 曲串, 地蟬
	Singapore	蚯蚓
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	地蠶
	Tangshan	蚯蚓, 曲坼
	Cangzhou	曲蟮
	Baoding	曲坼
	Shijiazhuang	蚯蚓, 曲曲蟮
	Lijin	曲尺
	Jinan	曲蟮
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	曲蟮子
	Dandong	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Yantai	曲蛇
	Yantai (Muping)	曲蛇
	Qingdao	曲蟮
	Zhucheng	曲蟮
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	曲踡
	Lingbao	曲串
	Jining	曲嘍船
	Daming	出串
	Wanrong	曲蟮
	Wanrong (Ronghe)	蚰蜒
	Linfen	出蟮
	Shangqiu	蚯蚓
	Yuanyang	蚯蚓, 曲串
	Zhengzhou	曲串
	Xinyang	曲串
	Baihe	曲串
	Xi'an	曲蟮, 蚰蜒
	Baoji	出蟮
	Tianshui	曲蟮
	Xining	曲蟮, 泥曲蟮
	Xuzhou	地曲, 蚯蚓
	Fuyang	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	曲蟮
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	曲蟮
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蚯蚓, 土蟲
	Bayanhot	蚯蚓
	Lanzhou	曲蟮
	Dunhuang	蚯蚓
	Hami	蚯蚓
	Ürümqi	蚯蚓, 曲蟮, 地曲
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	曲蟮兒, 蚯蚓
	Nanchong	蚯蚓, 曲蟮兒
	Dazhou	曲蟮兒
	Hanyuan	曲蟮子
	Xichang	曲蟮兒
	Zigong	蚯蚓, 曲蟮兒
	Chongqing	曲蟮兒
	Wuhan	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Yichang	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Xiangyang	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Tianmen	蚯蚓, 球蟮
	Guiyang	曲蟮
	Zunyi	曲蟮兒
	Bijie	曲蟮
	Liping	曲蟮
	Zhaotong	曲蟮
	Dali	曲蟮
	Kunming	曲蟮
	Mengzi	曲蟮
	Guilin	鴨蟲
	Liuzhou	蚯蚓, 鴨蟲
	Jishou	曲蟮拉兒
	Changde	曲溜兒
	Hanzhong	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	曲蟮
	Yangzhou	曲蟮
	Lianyungang	曲蟮
	Lianshui	曲蟮
	Nantong	地龍, 寒䘆
	Anqing	曲蟮
	Wuhu	曲蟮
	Hefei	曲蟮
	Hong'an	蚯蚓, 搐蛇
Mandarin	Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)	曲蟮
Cantonese	Guangzhou	黃䘆
	Hong Kong	黃䘆, 蚯蚓
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	鵝䘆, 蛇䘆, 禾䘆
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	禾䘆
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鵝䘆
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	蛇䘆
	Macau	河䘆
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	黃䘆, 塘䘆
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	黃䘆
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	黃䘆
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鵝䘆
	Foshan	巷䘆
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	塘䘆
	Foshan (Shunde)	河䘆
	Foshan (Sanshui)	龍䘆
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	䘆
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	濠䘆
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	狗䘆
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	禾䘆, 黃䘆
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	禾䘆
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	黃䘆
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	黃䘆
	Taishan	黃䘆
	Kaiping (Chikan)	黃䘆
	Enping (Niujiang)	黃䘆
	Heshan (Yayao)	黃䘆
	Dongguan	禾䘆
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	黃䘆
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	蛇䘆, 蛇䘆公
	Qingyuan	黃䘆
	Fogang	黃䘆
	Yingde (Hanguang)	黃䘆
	Yangshan	黃䘆
	Lianshan (Butian)	蚓
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	蚓
	Shaoguan	黃䘆
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	黃䘆
	Renhua	䘆公
	Lechang	䘆公, 黃䘆
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	黃蚓
	Sihui	黃蚓
	Guangning	黃蚓
	Deqing	黃蚓
	Huaiji	黃䘆
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	蚓
	Yunfu	黃蚓
	Xinxing	虎蚓
	Luoding	黃䘆
	Yunan (Pingtai)	黃䘆
	Xinyi	黃䘆
	Lianjiang	泥䘆
	Nanning	黃䘆
	Wuzhou	黃䘆, 地龍
	Yulin	蛆彈
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	土努
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	黃䘆
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	黃䘆
Gan	Nanchang	寒螼子, 寒螼
	Lichuan	塘蟻
	Pingxiang	回䘆
	Taining	河䘆
Hakka	Meixian	䘆公
	Xingning	䘆公
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	䘆
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	䘆
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	䘆
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	䘆
	Huidong (Daling)	䘆公
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蟲䘆
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	䘆
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	䘆
	Boluo (Bendihua)	䘆
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	紅䘆
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	蟲䘆
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	河䘆
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	河䘆
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	紅䘆
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	䘆公
	Wuhua (Changbu)	䘆公
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	紅䘆
	Wuhua (Meilin)	紅䘆
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	䘆公
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	䘆
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	䘆
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	䘆
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	䘆
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	紅䘆
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	䘆公, 䘆
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	黃䘆
	Liannan	䘆公
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	黃蟮
	Jiexi	紅䘆
	Changting	黃䘆
	Wuping	黃䘆
	Wuping (Pingyu)	紅䘆
	Liancheng	黃䘆
	Ninghua	河䘆
	Yudu	河䘆, 禾䘆, 䘆
	Ruijin	河䘆
	Shicheng	河蟻
	Shangyou (Shexi)	䘆公
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	䘆公
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	䘆公
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	蟲䘆
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	蟲䘆
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	䘆公, 蟲䘆
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	蟲䘆
	Hong Kong	蟲䘆, 紅䘆
	Luchuan	黃䘆
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	紅䘆
	Sabah (Longchuan)	紅䘆
	Senai (Huiyang)	紅䘆
	Singkawang	紅䘆, 紅䘆公
Huizhou	Jixi	河蟻
	Shexian	紅蟻
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	河䘆
	Xiuning	蚢䘆
	Qimen	𧑚䘆兒, 克俊
	Wuyuan	兔
Jin	Taiyuan	曲蟮
	Yangyuan	曲蟮
	Datong	曲蟮
	Xinzhou	曲蟮兒, 茭子魚兒
	Lüliang (Lishi)	蚯蚓, 紅面圪蟲
	Changzhi	曲蛇
	Taibus (Baochang)	蚯蚓
	Linhe	蚯蚓
	Jining	蚯蚓
	Hohhot	曲蟮
	Baotou	蚯蚓
	Dongsheng	蚯蚓
	Haibowan	蚯蚓
	Erenhot	蚯蚓
	Pingshan	曲蟮
	Zhangjiakou	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Handan	蚯蚓, 曲串, 出串
	Linzhou	曲串
	Suide	蚯蚓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	加溜䘆, 地龍 large, 地龍杠 large
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	溜䘆
	Jianyang	尿䘆
	Wuyishan	地䘆
	Pucheng (Shibei)	溜䘆
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	猴蚓, 地龍 large
	Fuzhou (Changle)	猴蚓
	Fuqing	琴蚓, 地龍 large
	Yongtai	猴蚓
	Fu'an	猴蚓
	Ningde	猴蚓
	Shouning	猴蚓
	Zhouning	猴蚓
	Fuding	猴蚓
Southern Min	Xiamen	杜蚓, 猴蚓
	Quanzhou	猴蚓
	Jinjiang	猴蚓
	Yongchun	猴蚓
	Zhangzhou	杜蚓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	杜蚓
	Dongshan	杜蚓
	Taipei	牛貫, 杜蚓仔, 杜蚓
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	杜蚓
	Kaohsiung	杜蚓仔
	Yilan	杜蚓
	Changhua (Lukang)	杜蚓
	Taichung	杜蚓仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	杜蚓
	Tainan	杜蚓仔
	Taitung	杜蚓
	Hsinchu	杜蚓
	Kinmen	杜蚓
	Penghu (Magong)	塗蚓, 杜蚓
	Penang (Hokkien)	cacing
	Singapore (Hokkien)	杜蚓, 猴蚓
	Manila (Hokkien)	猴蚓
	Longyan	鴨蟲
	Zhangping	垢蚓
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	垢蚓
	Datian	猴蚓
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	杜蚓
	Chaozhou	蚯蚓
	Shantou	蚯蚓
	Jieyang	蚯蚓
	Haifeng	蚯蚓
	Bangkok (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	塗蚓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蚯蚓
	Pontianak (Teochew)	蚯蚓, cacing
	Leizhou	塗蚓𧊗
	Wenchang	餌龍
	Haikou	塗蚓, 餌龍
Puxian Min	Putian	猴蚓, 墿龍
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	猴蚓
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	猴蚓
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	猴蚓
	Xianyou	猴蚓
	Xianyou (Fengting)	猴蚓
	Xianyou (Youyang)	猴蚓
	Fuding (Aoyao)	猴蚓
Central Min	Yong'an	蝦䘆
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	河䘆
	Sanming (Shaxian)	河䘆
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	黃䘆
	Jiangle	河䘆
	Mingxi	葫蘆䘆
	Shunchang	河䘆
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	猴蚓
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	土䏰
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蚯青
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	蚓
Waxiang	Yuanling (Shaojiwan)	蚓
Wu	Shanghai	曲蟮, 蚯蚓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	觸蟮
	Suzhou	曲蟮
	Wuxi	蚯蚓, 曲蟮
	Danyang	曲蟮
	Hangzhou	曲蟮
	Ningbo	曲蟮
	Wenzhou	康䘆
	Jinhua	蟮麵, 水麵
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	蟮麵
Xiang	Changsha	曲蟮子
	Xiangtan	曲線子
	Loudi	曲蟮子, 曲蟮
	Shuangfeng	曲染子
	Quanzhou	鴨蟲
Xiangnan Tuhua	Jiangyong	筍婆每

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (蚯蚓):

→ Japanese: 蚯(きゅう)蚓(いん) (kyūin)
→ Korean: 구인(蚯蚓) (gu'in)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蚯	蚓
みみず
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
蚯	蚓
めめず
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

ミミズ on Japanese Wikipedia

First cited to the Saibara Uta from the Heian period.^[1]

The memezu form is attested from 1650, and is traditionally viewed as a pronunciation shift from mimizu.^[1]

Reconstructed as ultimately from Proto-Japonic *memensu, in which case memezu may be a reversion to an older form, also preserved in many dialects. The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みみず [mìmízú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [mʲimʲizɨ]

(Tokyo) めめず [mèmézú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [me̞me̞zɨ]

Noun

蚯蚓(みみず) or 蚯蚓(ミミズ) or 蚯蚓(めめず) • (mimizu or memezu) (counter 匹)

[from late 600s–early 700s] a worm, such as an earthworm
- 2005 August 9, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)六(ろく)十(じゅう)四(よん)訓(くん:)　キャラクターはシルエットだけで読(どく)者(しゃ)に見(み)分(わ)けがつくように描(か)き分(わ)けよう (Dai-rokujūyon Kun: Kyarakutā wa Shiruetto Dake de Dokusha ni Miwake ga Tsuku Yō ni Kakiwakeyō, “Lesson 64: Characters Should Be Drawn So That Readers Can Make Them Out with just the Silhouettes”)”, in 銀魂(ぎんたま) (Gin Tama, “Silver Soul”), volume 8 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
  
  どっかでミミズに小(しょう)便(べん)でも　ひっかけてきたんじゃないかィ？腫(は)れるっていうよね
  Dokka de mimizu ni shōben de mo hikkakete kita n ja nai ki? Hareru tte iu yo ne
  Did you piss on a worm somewhere? You said swollen right?
  何(なに)言(い)っちゃってんの　迷(めい)信(しん)だろそんな…
  Nani itchatten no Meishin daro sonna…
  What you talkin’ about? That’s just a superstition…

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ミミズ.

Derived terms

蚯蚓(みみず)書(が)き (mimizugaki)
蚯蚓(ミミズ)蜥蜴(トカゲ) (mimizu tokage, “worm lizard”)
蚯蚓(みみず)鳴(な)く (mimizunaku)
蚯蚓(みみず)ののたくったよう (mimizu no notakutta yō)
蚯蚓(みみず)鯊(はぜ) (mimizuhaze)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蚯	蚓
きゅう Hyōgai	いん Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 蚯蚓 (khjuw yin^X). Compare modern Mandarin 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きゅういん [kyùúíń] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲɨːĩɴ]

Noun

蚯(きゅう)蚓(いん) • (kyūin) ^{←きういん (kiuin)^?}

a worm, such as an earthworm

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “蚯蚓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
蚯	蚓

Noun

蚯蚓 • (gu'in) (hangeul 구인)

hanja form^? of 구인 (“earthworm”)

[KDJc-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “蚯蚓”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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