[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/
Wiktionary

處

See also: 処 and 处
處 U+8655, 處
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8655
← 虔
[U+8654] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 虖 →
[U+8656]

Translingual

edit
Traditional 處
Shinjitai 処
Simplified 处

Alternative forms

edit

Han character

edit

處 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜心竹水弓 (YPHEN), four-corner 21241, composition ⿸虍処)

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32697
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1541, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2822, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+8655

Chinese

edit
trad. 處
simp. 处
alternative forms
処
䖏
𠙚
𧇤
𩂭
処
䖏
𠙚
𧇤
𩂭
𩂫
𠁅
 

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 處
Western Zhou Warring States
Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唬 *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ
戲 *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː
巇 *qʰra
隵 *qʰra
嚱 *qʰras
盧 *b·raː
鑪 *raː
壚 *raː
籚 *raː
蘆 *raː, *ra
顱 *b·raː
髗 *b·raː
鱸 *raː
攎 *raː
櫨 *raː
轤 *raː
黸 *raː
獹 *raː
鸕 *raː
艫 *raː
纑 *raː
瀘 *raː
瓐 *raː
爐 *raː
嚧 *raː
矑 *b·raː
罏 *raː
蠦 *raː
虜 *raːʔ
擄 *raːʔ
艣 *raːʔ
鐪 *raːʔ
虖 *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
虍 *qʰaː
雐 *qʰʷlaː
虎 *qʰlaːʔ
琥 *qʰlaːʔ
萀 *qʰlaːʔ
臚 *b·ra
廬 *ra
驢 *b·ra
藘 *ra
爈 *ra, *ras
櫖 *ra, *ras
儢 *raʔ
慮 *ras
勴 *ras
鑢 *ras
濾 *ras
攄 *r̥ʰa
處 *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas
豦 *kas, *ɡa
據 *kas
鐻 *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ
澽 *kas, *ɡas
虛 *kʰa, *qʰa
墟 *kʰa
懅 *ɡa
蘧 *ɡa, *ɡʷa
籧 *ɡa
醵 *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ
璩 *ɡa
虡 *ɡaʔ
遽 *ɡas
勮 *ɡas
噓 *qʰa, *qʰas
驉 *qʰa
歔 *qʰa
魖 *qʰa
膚 *pla
虧 *kʰʷral
噱 *ɡaɡ
臄 *ɡaɡ
劇 *ɡaɡ
諕 *qʰʷraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 夂 + semantic 几 (“table”).

Etymology

edit

In Starostin, this is reconstructed as *thaʔ in Old Chinese and subsumed under Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dhăH (/*thăH) (“to put; to place”), whence also 署 (OC *djas, “to place; to position”), Tibetan གདའ (gda', “to be; to be there”), གདན (gdan, “seat; residence”) and Burmese ထား (hta:, “to put; to place”).

With the original *–l– initial, compare Proto-Tamangic *ᴮglaː/ᴬglaː (“place”), Mizo tla, tlat (“to be; to exist; to live; to remain”) (Schuessler, 2007).

居 (OC *kɯ, *kas) may be related (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

edit
Rime
Character 處
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 昌與切
Baxter tsyhoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰiɔX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭoX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 處
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhoX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t.qʰaʔ/
English be at

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 處
Reading # 1/2
No. 5248
Phonetic
component 		虍
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		杵
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰljaʔ/

Definitions

edit

處

  1. to reside; to live; to dwell
  2. to be situated in; to be in
  3. staying at home; not assuming a government position, or not married
  4. virginity; chastity
  5. to manage; to deal with
  6. to punish; to discipline
  7. to get along with
  8. (obsolete) to stop; to disappear; to cease
    處暑／处暑  ―  chǔshǔ  ―  Chushu (one of twenty-four solar terms) (literally, “end of hot weather”)
  9. a surname

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (處):
  • → Vietnamese: xử (處)

Pronunciation 2

edit
Note:
  • syu3/syu3-2 - colloquial;
  • cyu5 - “department”, nonstandard form influenced by 署.
Rime
Character 處
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 昌 (24)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 昌據切
Baxter tsyhoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕʰɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕʰiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕʰiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cʰɨə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕʰiɔH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕʰĭoH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕʰi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyu3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 處
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyhoH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*t.qʰaʔ-s/
English place (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 處
Reading # 2/2
No. 5249
Phonetic
component 		虍
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		處
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰljas/

Definitions

edit

處

  1. place; location; spot
    此處／此处  ―  cǐchù  ―  this place
    邊處／边处 [Cantonese]  ―  bin1 syu3 [Jyutping]  ―  where
  2. part; aspect; respect
  3. department; office
  4. Classifier for locations or items of damage.
  5. (Cantonese, slightly dated) here
    我響處。／我响处。 [Cantonese]  ―  ngo5 hoeng2 syu3. [Jyutping]  ―  I'm here.
    佢唔喺處。／佢唔喺处。 [Cantonese]  ―  keoi5 m4 hai2 syu3. [Jyutping]  ―  He's not here.
Usage notes
edit
  • (Cantonese) 處／处 (syu3), like 度 (dou6) needs to be preceded by the preposition 喺 (hai2) or 響／响 (hoeng2).
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of 這裡 (“here”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 斯, 此
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這裡, 此處 formal, 此 formal
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這兒, 這兒合兒 colloquial, 這合兒 colloquial
Taiwan 這, 這裡
Malaysia 這裡
Singapore 這裡
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這兒, 這兒合兒
Jinan 這裡
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 這搭兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這兒
Wuhan 這裡, 這塊, 這塊歇
Guilin 這塏
Liuzhou 這塏
Mae Salong (Lancang) 這點, 這古
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 這塊
Hefei 這塊, 這蒿子
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢度, 呢處, 依度
Hong Kong 呢度, 呢處, 依度, 依處
Macau 呢度
Taishan 該, 該處, 該埞
Yangjiang 該, 該處, 該處塗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢度
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢度, 依度
Gan Nanchang 箇裡
Hakka Meixian 這仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這位
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這位, 這息
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這位
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這位, 這位項
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這位
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這位, 這
Hong Kong 這裡, 這埞
Kuching (Hepo) 這邊, 阿裡
Jin Taiyuan 這裡, 這兒家
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇裡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只所, 只塊, 只裡, 租塊
Southern Min Xiamen 遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭, 這所在
Quanzhou 遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
Jinjiang 這跡, 這位
Hui'an 這搭
Zhangzhou 遮, 這帶, 這位, 這位仔, 這所在
Taipei 遮
New Taipei (Sanxia) 遮
Kaohsiung 遮
Yilan 遮
Changhua (Lukang) 遮
Taichung 遮
Tainan 遮
Hsinchu 遮
Kinmen 遮
Penghu (Magong) 遮
Penang (Hokkien) 這落, 這爿
Singapore (Hokkien) 這兜, 這爿
Manila (Hokkien) 遮, 這搭, 這位, 這路, 這爿
Chaozhou 只塊
Shantou 只塊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 這爿
Jieyang 只塊, 少塊, 少
Singapore (Teochew) 只塊
Wenchang 這裡
Haikou 這帶
Qionghai 這裡, 這路
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞啲
Wu Shanghai 搿搭, 搿搭塊, 搿搭裡, 迭搭 old-style, 迭搭塊 old-style, 迭搭裡 old-style, 此地, 此地塊, 此地塊搭
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿旦, 蕩旦
Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) 格米得, 迭米得, 迭搭, 迭搭塊
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格墩, 格灘, 格面
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan) 特郎, 迭郎, 搿郎, 迭搿郎, 第郎
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan) 特郎向, 迭郎向, 特郎, 迭郎, 特搭, 特板, 迭搭, 迭板, 搿搭, 搿搭板
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉墩
Suzhou 該搭, 搿搭
Wenzhou 該頭, 該柢, 柢, 彀, 彀宕
Xiang Changsha 箇裡, 箇當, 箇塊子, 該裡, 該當, 該塊子
Xiangtan 箇當
Shuangfeng 箇裡, 箇當數

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (處):

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Shinjitai

処

Kyūjitai

處

Kanji

edit
處

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 処)

  1. place
  2. locale
  3. department

Readings

edit
  • Go-on: しょ (sho)
  • Kan-on: しょ (sho)
  • Kun: ところ (tokoro)、おる (oru)

Korean

edit

Hanja

edit

處 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)

  1. place
  2. locate
  3. stop

Tuyuhun

edit

Etymology

edit

Attested in the Book of Song as the Early Middle Chinese transcription 處 (tsyhoX), in the fragment 處可寒 (*čʰo qaɣan, “you khagan”), and cognate with Proto-Mongolic *či (“you”).[1]

Pronoun

edit

處 (*čʰo)

  1. you (second-person singular pronoun)

References

edit
  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2015) “Some notes on the Tuyuhun (吐谷渾) language: in the footsteps of Paul Pelliot”, in Journal of Sino-Western Communications, volume 7, number 2

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

處: Hán Nôm readings: xử, xớ, xở, xứ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=處&oldid=82408654"