膺

膺	U+81BA, 膺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81BA

Translingual

Han character

膺 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 戈人土月 (IOGB), four-corner 0022₇, composition ⿸䧹月)

Derived characters

𭬶

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 995, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29928
Dae Jaweon: page 1446, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2118, character 1
Unihan data for U+81BA

Chinese

trad.		膺
simp. ^#		膺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
應	qɯŋ, qɯŋs
鷹	*qɯŋ
膺	*qɯŋ
譍	*qɯŋs
噟	*qɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 𤸰 () + semantic 肉 (“body”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b/g-raŋ (“chest”). Related to 應 (OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs, “to face, respond”); outside of Sinitic, compare Tibetan བྲང (brang, “chest, breast”), Burmese ရင် (rang, “idem”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ying
  - Wade–Giles: ying¹
  - Yale: yīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
  - Palladius: ин (in)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jing¹
  - Yale: yīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'ing

Rime
Character	膺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於陵切
Baxter	'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔiŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ĭəŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[q](r)əŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	膺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīng
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔing ›
Old Chinese	/*[q](r)əŋ/
English	breast(plate); oppose
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	膺
Reading #	1/1
No.	15348
Phonetic component	鷹
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	膺
Old Chinese	/*qɯŋ/

Definitions

膺

(literary) breast; chest
義憤填膺／义愤填膺 ― yìfèntiányīng ― to feel indignant at injustice
(ancient, of horses) breast strap
(literary) to undertake; to bear
(literary) to attack

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

膺

(Hyōgai kanji)

breast

Readings

On (unclassified): よう (yō)、おう (ō)
Kun: むね (mune)

Compounds

服膺(ふくよう) (fukuyō)
- 拳拳服膺(けんけんふくよう) (kenkenfukuyō)
膺受(ようじゅ) (yōju)
膺懲(ようちょう) (yōchō)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 膺 (MC 'ing). Recorded as Middle Korean 으ᇰ (ung) (Yale: ung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

膺

Wikisource

膺 (eumhun 가슴 응 (gaseum eung))

hanja form^? of 응 (“breasts”)

Compounds

응징 (膺懲, eungjing)
복응 (服膺, bogeung)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

膺: Hán Nôm readings: ưng, ứng

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