羆

See also: 罴

羆	U+7F86, 羆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F86

← 羅
[U+7F85]

CJK Unified Ideographs

羇 →
[U+7F87]

Translingual

Han character

羆 (Kangxi radical 122, 网+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 田中戈心火 (WLIPF), four-corner 6033₁, composition ⿱罒熊)

Derived characters

𤜑, 𧟍, 𨰟, 𧄾, 𥷾

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 950, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28398
Dae Jaweon: page 1392, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2928, character 1
Unihan data for U+7F86

Chinese

trad.		羆
simp.		罴
alternative forms		𦌲𥀍𥀧𥀡𥀦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (罷) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
擺	*preːlʔ
犤	breːl, pral, *bral
罷	breːlʔ, bral, *bralʔ
矲	*breːlʔ
羆	*pral
襬	pral, pʰrals
藣	pral, prals

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pral) : phonetic 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ) + semantic 熊 (“bear”); the common part 能 is shared.

Etymology

Observing that the young of some brown bear subspecies sport white stripes, which fade with age, around their chests, Zhang (2019) proposes that 羆 (OC *praj) is cognate to 斑 (OC *prân) "stripe, striped", both being from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pral. As 斑 (OC *prân) is possibly the same word as 班 (OC *prân) (Schuessler, 2007), see 班 (OC *prân) for more etymology.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pí (pi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pí
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pí
  - Wade–Giles: pʻi²
  - Yale: pí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyi
  - Palladius: пи (pi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bei¹
  - Yale: bēi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phî
  - Tâi-lô: phî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²³/

Middle Chinese: pje

Rime
Character	羆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彼爲切
Baxter	pje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/piɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pjiə̆/
Li Rong	/pje/
Wang Li	/pǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*praj/

(Zhengzhang): /*pral/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí
Middle Chinese	‹ pje ›
Old Chinese	/*praj/
English	brown-and-white bear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羆
Reading #	1/1
No.	171
Phonetic component	罷
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	陂
Old Chinese	/*pral/

Definitions

羆

(archaic) brown bear
- 吉夢維何、
  維熊維羆、
  維虺維蛇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吉梦维何、
  维熊维罴、
  维虺维蛇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Jí mèng wéi hé,
  Wéi xióng wéi pí,
  Wéi huǐ wéi shé. [Pinyin]
  What dreams are lucky?
  They have been about black bears and brown bears,
  They have been about asps and adders.

Synonyms

馬熊／马熊 (mǎxióng)
人熊 (rénxióng)
棕熊 (zōngxióng)

Compounds

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

ヒグマ

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji

羆

(Hyōgai kanji)

brown bear

Readings

Go-on: ひ (hi)
Kan-on: ひ (hi)
Kun: ひぐま (higuma, 羆)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
羆
ひぐま Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
緋熊樋熊

緋 (hi, “scarlet”) +‎ 熊 (kuma, “bear”)(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “First recorded in the Shinsen Jikyō and Wamyō Ruijushō as shiguma, possibly from splitting the character 羆 vertically into 四(し) (shi, “four”) + 熊(くま) (kuma, “bear”). The syllable shi later shifted to hi, with the latter being standardised since the Taishō era.”

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひぐま [hìgúmá] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) ひぐま [híꜜgùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [çiɡɯ̟ma̠]

Noun

羆(ひぐま) or 羆(ヒグマ) • (higuma)

a brown bear
三毛別(さんけべつ)羆(ひぐま)事件(じけん)
Sankebetsu higuma jiken
Sankebetsu brown bear incident

Korean

Hanja

羆 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)

(말곰 비, malgom-): brown bear, horse bear

Synonyms

熊 (웅, ung) bear

Vietnamese

Han character

羆: Hán Nôm readings: bi

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