竟

竟	U+7ADF, 竟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7ADF

See also: 竞

Translingual

Han character

竟 (Kangxi radical 117, 立+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜廿日竹山 (YTAHU), four-corner 0021₆, composition ⿱音儿)

Derived characters

傹境摬樈滰獍璄鏡竸𧫙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 871, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25757
Dae Jaweon: page 1301, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2710, character 1
Unihan data for U+7ADF

Chinese

simp. and trad.		竟
alternative forms		傹 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竟
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (竟) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
滰	*ɡaŋʔ
境	*kraŋʔ
竟	*kraŋs
鏡	*kraŋs
獍	*kraŋs
樈	*ɡraŋ
璄	*qraŋʔ
摬	*qraŋʔ

Uncertain. At least three theories exist:

According to the version on bronzes and Yu Shengwu (于省吾), 辛 ("chisel to mark prisoners") + 人 ("man"); the character indicates a punishment and, according to Yu Shengwu, it is the original version of 黥. Compare the phonetic component of 接.

According to He Linyi (何琳儀), it is the contraction of the character 競.

According to Shuowen, it is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 音 (“sound”) + 儿 (“man”) (originally written as 舌 and 人) - a man has spoken. This interpretation is partly related to 競.

Etymology

Cognate with 境 (OC *kraŋʔ, “boundary”) (Schuelsser, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gêng²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Yale: jìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - Palladius: цзин (czin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ging²
  - Yale: gíng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gêng²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kéng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: kjaengH

Rime
Character	竟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居慶切
Baxter	kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	竟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋʔ-s/
English	end, in the end
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	竟
Reading #	1/1
No.	6869
Phonetic component	竟
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	敬
Old Chinese	/*kraŋs/

Definitions

竟

to finish; to end (literary)
finally; after all; at last (literary)
unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly
whole; entire

Synonyms

(unexpectedly):

edit

先勿先 (Wu)
出乎意料地 (chūhūyìliào de)
居然 (jūrán)
煞 (Hokkien)
硬敢 (Liuzhou)
竟然 (jìngrán)

Dialectal synonyms of 居然 (“unexpectedly; to one's surprise; surprisingly”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		居然, 竟然, 竟
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	居然, 竟然
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	竟然
Southwestern Mandarin	Liuzhou	敢, 硬敢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	居然
Cantonese	Guangzhou	竟然
Cantonese	Hong Kong	竟然, 居然, 竟然間
Southern Min	Xiamen	煞, 竟然
	Quanzhou	煞, 竟然
	Zhangzhou	煞, 竟然
	Tainan	煞, 竟然
	Jieyang	夰, 紲, 一回, 落, 敢敢
Wu	Shanghai	居然, 竟然, 竟, 先勿先, 伊講

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

竟

(Hyōgai kanji)

end; final

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)
Kan-on: けい (kei)
Kun: おわる (owaru, 竟わる)、わたる (wataru, 竟る)、ついに (tsuini, 竟に)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
竟
つい Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 竟 – see the following entry.

【終つい】3

[noun] end, conclusion

[noun] end-of-life, death

Alternative spelling
遂

(This term, 竟, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

竟 (eumhun 다할 경 (dahal gyeong))

hanja form^? of 경 (“exhaust, end”)

Vietnamese

Han character

竟: Hán Nôm readings: cánh, cạnh, giạnh

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