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祭祀

Chinese

		offer sacrifice; hold memorial service	offer sacrifice to
trad. (祭祀)		祭	祀
simp. ^#(祭祀)		祭	祀

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìsì

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄙˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³ zi⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi-sṳ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chè-sīr / chè-sū

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi³ se⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìsì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄙˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìsìh
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴-ssŭ⁴
  - Yale: jì-sz̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihsyh
  - Palladius: цзисы (czisy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sz̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zai³ zi⁶
  - Yale: jai jih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³ dzi⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³ ji⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³ t͡siː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi-sṳ
  - Hakka Romanization System: ji sii
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ji⁴ si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵ sɨ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-sīr
  - Tâi-lô: tsè-sīr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-sū
  - Tâi-lô: tsè-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeasu
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi³ se⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsì sṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sɯ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsjejH ziX

Rime
Character	祭	祀
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	子例切	詳里切
Baxter	tsjejH	ziX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siᴇi^H/	/zɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡siɛi^H/	/zɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjæi^H/	/zie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡siaj^H/	/zɨ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡siɛi^H/	/ziə^X/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭɛi^H/	/zĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ɛi^H/	/zi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì	sì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai³	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]et-s s-[ɢ]əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsleds ljɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祭	祀
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì	sì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjej^H ›	‹ zi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]et-s/	/*s-[ɢ]əʔ/
English	sacrifice	sacrifice; year
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祭	祀
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	5839	12008
Phonetic component	祭	巳
Rime group	祭	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	祭	似
Old Chinese	/*ʔsleds/	/*ljɯʔ/

Verb

祭祀

to offer sacrifices (to gods, one's ancestors, etc.); to honor; to worship (by a service or rite)

Synonyms

享祭 (xiǎngjì) (literary)
供奉 (gòngfèng)
吉禮／吉礼 (jílǐ) (literary)
奉祀 (fèngsì)
服侍 (Hokkien)
獻祭／献祭 (xiànjì) (literary)
祭獻／祭献 (jìxiàn) (literary)
請／请 (Hokkien)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (祭祀):

→ Japanese: 祭(さい)祀(し) (saishi)
→ Korean: 제사(祭祀) (jesa)
→ Vietnamese: tế tự (祭祀)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
祭	祀
さい Grade: 3	し Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さいし [sáꜜìshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sa̠iɕi]

Noun

祭(さい)祀(し) • (saishi)

ritual

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
祭	祀

Noun

祭祀 • (jesa) (hangeul 제사)

hanja form^? of 제사 (“Jesa”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
祭	祀

Verb

祭祀

chữ Hán form of tế tự (“to offer sacrifices; to worship”).

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