犍

Translingual

Han character

犍 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹手弓大手 (HQNKQ), four-corner 2554₄, composition ⿰牜建)

a bullock
a fabulous monster

Derived characters

𭋑

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 702, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20078
Dae Jaweon: page 1115, character 24
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1814, character 13
Unihan data for U+728D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
犍	ɡran, kan
騝	ɡran, kan
鍵	ɡran, ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵	ɡran, kanʔ
鞬	*kan
腱	kan, ɡans
湕	*kanʔ
建	*kans
旔	*kans
楗	*ɡanʔ
健	*ɡans

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kian / kiān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jian
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹
  - Yale: jyān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gin¹
  - Yale: gīn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian
  - Tâi-lô: kian
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiefn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiān
  - Tâi-lô: kiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kien
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn³³/

Middle Chinese: kjon

Rime
Character	犍
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居言切
Baxter	kjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan/
Li Rong	/kiɐn/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kan/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犍
Reading #	2/2
No.	6215
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𢳚
Old Chinese	/*kan/

Definitions

犍

bullock; ox
^† to castrate

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 公牛 (“bull; ox”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		犅, 特, 犆 †, 牯 †, 犍 †, 犗 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		公牛, 牯牛, 牡牛, 雄牛, 犍牛 †, 閹牛 †, 種牛 ‡
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	公牛
	Taiwan	公牛
	Langfang	牤牛
	Ulanhot	牤牛, 牤子
	Tongliao	牤牛, 牤子
	Chifeng	牤牛
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	牤牛, 牤子
	Harbin	牤子, 牤牛, 犍牛 †
	Shenyang	牤子
Jilu Mandarin	Tangshan	牤牛
	Cangzhou	公牛
	Baoding	牤子
	Shijiazhuang	牤牛
	Jinan	牤牛, 公牛, 犍子 †
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	犍子, 蛋犍子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	公牛
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	公牛
	Daming	毛牛
	Wanrong	𤙎牛, 犍牛 †
	Zhengzhou	牤牛, 老犍 †
	Xi'an	公牛, 犍牛 †
	Xining	公牛, 犍牛 †
	Xuzhou	牤牛, 牤犍 †, 犍子 †
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	脬牛, 犍牛 †
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	脬牛, 犍牛 †
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	騷牛, 犍牛 †
	Bayanhot	公牛, 犍牛
	Lanzhou	騷牛, 脬牛, 犍牛 †
	Ürümqi	脬牛, 犍牛 †
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	公牛, 牯牛
	Wuhan	公牛, 牯牛
	Guiyang	牯牛, 騷牯
	Kunming	公牛
	Guilin	公牛
	Liuzhou	公牛, 牛牯, 閹牯 †
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	牯子, 騷牯子, 公牛 †
	Yangzhou	公牛, 牯牛
	Nantong	公牛, 驐牛 †
	Hefei	犍牛, 牯牛
	Huanggang	牯牛
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牛公, 牛牯
	Hong Kong	牛公, 公牛
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	牛公
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	牛公
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	牛牯
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	牛牯
	Macau	牛公
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	牛公
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	牛公
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	牛公
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	生牯, 牛牯 †
	Foshan	牛公
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	牛公
	Foshan (Shunde)	牛公
	Foshan (Sanshui)	牛牯
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	牛牯
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	牛公
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	牛公
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	牛牯
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	牛公
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	牛牯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	牛牯
	Taishan	牛牯, 牛公
	Kaiping (Chikan)	牛牯
	Enping (Niujiang)	牛牯
	Heshan (Yayao)	牛公
	Dongguan	牛公
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	牛公
	Qingyuan	牛牯
	Fogang	牛牯
	Yingde (Hanguang)	牛公
	Yangshan	牛牯
	Lianshan (Butian)	牛牯
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	牛牯
	Shaoguan	牛公, 牛牯
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	牛牯
	Renhua	牛牯
	Lechang	牛牯
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	牛牯
	Sihui	牛牯
	Guangning	牛牯
	Deqing	牛公
	Huaiji	牛公
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	牛牯
	Yunfu	牛牯
	Xinxing	牛牯
	Luoding	牛牯
	Yunan (Pingtai)	牛牯
	Yangjiang	牛公, 牛牯
	Xinyi	牛牯
	Lianjiang	牛公
	Nanning	牛公
	Wuzhou	牛牯
	Yulin	牛公, 牛牯
	Danzhou	公牛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牛公
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	牛公
Gan	Nanchang	牛牯, 樣牯子, 驐牯子 †
	Lichuan	牛牯, 結牛 †
	Pingxiang	牛牯, 牯牛, 閹牛牯 †
	Guixi	閹牯 †
Hakka	Meixian	牛牯, 牛牯仔
	Xingning	牛牯
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	牛牯, 牛公
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	牛公, 牛牯仔
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	牛公, 牛牯
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	牛公, 牛牯
	Boluo (Bendihua)	牛牯
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	牛牯
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	牛牯
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	牛牯
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Changbu)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	牛牯
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	牛牯
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	牛牯
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Liannan	牛牯
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	牛牯
	Jiexi	牛牯
	Changting	牛牯
	Wuping	牛牯
	Ninghua	牛牯
	Yudu	牛牯
	Ruijin	牛牯 †
	Shicheng	牛牯
	Shangyou (Shexi)	牛牯
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牛牯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牛牯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牛牯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牛牯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牛牯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牛牯
	Hong Kong	牛牯
	Luchuan	牛牯
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	牛牯頭
	Sabah (Longchuan)	牛牯
	Senai (Huiyang)	牛牯
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	牛牯
	Singkawang	牛牯
Huizhou	Jixi	牯牛, 驐牛 †
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	公牛
	Yixian	牯牛, 犍牯
	Qimen	牯牛, 騷牯, 犍牯 †
	Wuyuan	牛牯仂
	Fuliang	牯牛 †
	Dexing	牛牯, 肉牛 †
Jin	Taiyuan	公牛
	Pingyao	牙牛
	Xinzhou	公牛, 犍牛
	Taibus (Baochang)	牤牛
	Linhe	騷牛
	Jining	犍牛
	Hohhot	牤牛
	Baotou	犍牛
	Dongsheng	公牛
	Zhangjiakou	犍牛
	Handan	犍牛
Northern Min	Jian'ou	牛牯
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	牛牯
	Songxi	牛牯
	Zhenghe	牛牯
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	牛牯, 羯牯 †
	Jianyang	牛牯
	Wuyishan	牛牯
	Pucheng (Shibei)	牛牯
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	牛犅
	Fuzhou (Changle)	牛犅
	Fuqing	牛犅
	Yongtai	牛犅
	Gutian	牛角
	Fu'an	牛牯
	Ningde	牛犅
	Shouning	牛牯
	Zhouning	牛牯
	Fuding	牛牯
	Matsu	牛犅
Southern Min	Xiamen	牛犅
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	牛犅
	Quanzhou	牛犅
	Jinjiang	牛犅
	Yongchun	牛犅, 牛牯 ‡
	Zhangzhou	牛犅 †
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	牛犅
	Dongshan	牛公
	Taipei	牛犅
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	牛犅
	Kaohsiung	牛犅
	Yilan	牛犅
	Changhua (Lukang)	牛公, 牛犅仔
	Taichung	牛公
	Tainan	牛犅
	Hsinchu	牛犅
	Kinmen	牛犅
	Penghu (Magong)	牛犅
	Singapore (Hokkien)	牛公, 牛犅
	Zhangping	牛犅
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	牛牯, 牛犅
	Datian	牛犅
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	公牛
	Chaozhou	牛牯
	Shantou	牛牯
	Shantou (Chenghai)	牛牯
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	公牛
	Jieyang	牛牯
	Haifeng	牛牯
	Bangkok (Teochew)	牛公
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	牛牯
	Leizhou	牛牯, 牛閹 †
	Wenchang	牛牯
	Haikou	牛公, 牛牯
Puxian Min	Putian	牛犅, 牛哥, 公牛
	Xianyou	牛哥
	Fuding (Aoyao)	牛牯
Central Min	Yong'an	牛牯
Central Min	Sanming (Sanyuan)	牛牯
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	牛翁
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	牛牯
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	公牛, 牯牛
Wu	Shanghai	雄牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	雄牛
	Shanghai (Jiading)	牯牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
	Shanghai (Chongming)	牯牛
	Suzhou	雄牛, 牯牛
	Wuxi	雄牛
	Danyang	公牛
	Hangzhou	公牛
	Ningbo	雄牛, 羯牛 †
	Wenzhou	牛牯
	Jinhua	雄牛, 牛牯, 羯牛 †
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	羯牯
Xiang	Changsha	牛牯子, 牛牯, 牯牛, 牛公子, 牛公, 騷牯子
	Xiangtan	牯牛
	Shuangfeng	牛牯
	Quanzhou	牯牛, 閹牛 †
Note	† - bullock; ‡ - stud

Compounds

犍牛 (jiānniú)
犍陀羅／犍陀罗 (Jiāntuóluó)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qián (qian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kin⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qián
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cián
  - Wade–Giles: chʻien²
  - Yale: chyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
  - Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kin⁴
  - Yale: kìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiân
  - Tâi-lô: kiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kieen
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kiɛn²⁴/

Middle Chinese: gjen

Rime
Character	犍
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠焉切
Baxter	gjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gian/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛn/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kin⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡran/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犍
Reading #	1/2
No.	6209
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	乾
Old Chinese	/*ɡran/

Definitions

犍

Only used in 犍為／犍为 (Qiánwéi).

References

“犍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

犍

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): けん (ken)、こん (kon)、げん (gen)

Korean

Hanja

犍 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.