燈

See also: 灯

燈	U+71C8, 燈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C8

← 燇
[U+71C7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

燉 →
[U+71C9]

Translingual

Japanese	灯
Simplified	灯
Traditional	燈

Han character

燈 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火弓人廿 (FNOT), four-corner 9281₈, composition ⿰火登)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19402
Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2238, character 11
Unihan data for U+71C8

Chinese

trad.		燈
simp.		灯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (登) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
登	*tɯːŋ
璒	*tɯːŋ
燈	*tɯːŋ
簦	*tɯːŋ
蹬	tɯːŋ, dɯːŋs
磴	tɯːŋ, tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ
鐙	tɯːŋ, tɯːŋs
嶝	*tɯːŋs
隥	*tɯːŋs
橙	tɯːŋs, rdɯːŋ
凳	*tɯːŋs
墱	*tɯːŋs
鼟	*tʰɯːŋ
膯	*tʰɯːŋ
澄	dɯːŋs, dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ
鄧	*dɯːŋs
僜	dɯːŋs, tʰɯŋ
覴	*tʰɯŋs
瞪	dɯŋ, dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ
憕	dɯŋ, rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ
撜	*tjɯŋʔ
證	*tjɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋ) : semantic 火 (“candlelight”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).

Etymology

to jinx: From 燈神／灯神. See there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): dēng, dēn (deng¹, den¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄥ, ㄉㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): den¹

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): děng

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): dèn

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дын (dɨn, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dang¹

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): dan¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ang¹ / ang^1*

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): dang¹
Gan (Wiktionary): den¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tên

(Meixian, Guangdong): dên¹
Jin (Wiktionary): deng¹
Northern Min (KCR): dáing
Eastern Min (BUC): dĭng / dĕng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): teng / tin

(Teochew, Peng'im): dêng¹

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): ding¹ / deng¹
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): dang¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹ten
- (Jinhua): ¹ten
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): den¹

(Loudi, Wiktionary): denn¹

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): den¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: deng
  - Wade–Giles: têng¹
  - Yale: dēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: deng
  - Palladius: дэн (dɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dēngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄥㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dengr
  - Wade–Giles: têng¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: dēngr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dengl
  - Palladius: дэнр (dɛnr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɤ̃ɻ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, shangkouzi pronunciation)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: den
  - Wade–Giles: tên¹
  - Yale: dēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: den
  - Palladius: дэнь (dɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: den¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: den
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tən⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: děng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təŋ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: dèn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): den¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tə̃³¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дын (dɨn, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dang¹
  - Yale: dāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: deng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: dan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐn²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ang¹ / ang^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /aŋ³³/, /aŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: dang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐŋ³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: den¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tên
  - Hakka Romanization System: den^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: den¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ten²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dên¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tɛn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: deng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /təŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dáing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭng / dĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵⁵/, /tɛiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

dĭng - vernacular;
dĕng - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teng
  - Tâi-lô: ting
  - Phofsit Daibuun: defng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /tɛŋ⁵⁵/
  - IPA (Changtai, Singapore): /teŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /tiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Hui'an, Klang): /teŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tin
  - Tâi-lô: tin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dyn
  - IPA (Longyan): /tin³³⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dêng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: teng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /teŋ³³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: ding¹ / deng¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tiŋ³⁵/, /teŋ³⁵/

Note:

ding1 - vernacular;
deng1 - literary.

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: dang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /təŋ⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ¹ten
  - MiniDict: ten^平
  - MiniDict: teon^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ten
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tən⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /təŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɗəŋ⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /tən⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /tən⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /təŋ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /tən⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /tən⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /tən⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /tən⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ten³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /təŋ⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /təŋ⁵²/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ¹ten
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /təŋ³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: den¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tən³³/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: denn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tẽ̞⁴⁴/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: den¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /te̞n⁴⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: tong

Rime
Character	燈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	登 (129)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都滕切
Baxter	tong
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/təŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/təŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/təŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təŋ/
Li Rong	/təŋ/
Wang Li	/təŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/təŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dang¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k-tˤəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	燈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tong ›
Old Chinese	/*k-tˁəŋ/
English	lamp
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燈
Reading #	1/1
No.	2171
Phonetic component	登
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*tɯːŋ/
Notes	鐙後起分化字

Definitions

燈

lamp; light; lantern (for illumination) (Classifier: 盞／盏 m c h; 眼 c; 支 mn)
電燈／电灯 ― diàndēng ― electric light

熄燈／熄灯 ― xīdēng ― to turn off a light
lamp (for heating)
酒精燈／酒精灯 ― jiǔjīngdēng ― alcohol burner
(Hong Kong Cantonese) traffic lights (Classifier: 支 c)
(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) to jinx; to make incorrect predictions
(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) tending to jinx

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 燈 (“lamp; light”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		燈
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	燈
	Malaysia	燈
	Singapore	燈
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	燈
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	燈
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	亮
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	燈
Cantonese	Guangzhou	燈
	Hong Kong	燈
	Taishan	燈, 火
	Singapore (Guangfu)	燈, 火
Gan	Nanchang	燈
Hakka	Meixian	燈
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	燈, 火
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	燈, 火
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	燈, 火
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	燈, 火
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	燈, 火
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	燈, 火
	Kuching (Hepo)	燈
Jin	Taiyuan	燈
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	燈
Southern Min	Xiamen	燈
	Penang (Hokkien)	燈, 火
	Singapore (Hokkien)	火
	Manila (Hokkien)	火, 燈
	Singapore (Teochew)	火, 燈
Waxiang	Guzhang (Gaofeng)	燈
Wu	Suzhou	燈
	Ningbo	燈, 亮 dated
	Wenzhou	燈
Xiang	Changsha	燈, 亮
Xiang	Xiangxiang	燈

Compounds

References

“燈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

燈

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 灯)

Readings

Go-on: とう (tō)
Kan-on: とう (tō)
Kan’yō-on: とん (ton)
Kun: あかり (akari, 燈)、ともしび (tomoshibi, 燈)、ともす (tomosu, 燈す)、ひ (hi, 燈)、ほ (ho, 燈)

Usage notes

燈 was in the tōyō kanji list from 1946. It was used interchangeably with its simpler variant 灯. In 1981, it was replaced by 灯 with the introduction of the 常(じょう)用(よう)漢(かん)字(じ) (jōyō kanji). At the same time, the tōyō kanji 燈 has been repurposed as a jinmeiyō variant of a jōyō kanji.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 燈 (MC tong). Recorded as Middle Korean 드ᇰ (tung) (Yale: tung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

燈

Wikisource

燈 (eumhun 등 등 (deung deung))

hanja form^? of 등 (“lamp, lantern, light”)

Compounds

등광 (燈光, deunggwang, “lamp light”)
등탑 (燈塔, deungtap, “tower with lamp”)
등대 (燈臺, deungdae, “lighthouse”)
등유 (燈油, deung'yu, “lamp oil”)
등화 (燈火, deunghwa, “lamp light”)
등잔 (燈盞, deungjan, “oil lamp”)
전등 (電燈, jeondeung, “electric lamp”)
신호등 (信號燈, sinhodeung, “traffic lights”)
가로등 (街路燈, garodeung, “streetlamp”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

燈: Hán Nôm readings: đăng

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