熏

See also: 燻, 爋, and 薰

熏	U+718F, 熏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-718F

← 熎
[U+718E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

熐 →
[U+7190]

Translingual

Han character

熏 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 竹土火 (HGF), four-corner 2033₁)

Derived characters

嚑壎獯曛櫄燻臐矄䙧纁(𫄸) 䗼醺鑂勳薰

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 679, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19300
Dae Jaweon: page 1091, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2226, character 10
Unihan data for U+718F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		熏
alternative forms		𡴦𡽽燻／熏爋𤑕𡴦𡽽燻／熏爋𤑕煇

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (熏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
櫄	*tqʰun
薰	qʰun, qʰuns
曛	*qʰun
勲	*qʰun
熏	*qʰun
燻	*qʰun
獯	*qʰun
纁	*qʰun
醺	*qʰun
臐	qʰun, qʰuns
爋	*qʰuns

In the original version, it is 東 with four dots inside perhaps to indicate grass and herbs inside the tied bag. Later, fire 火 (or 炎) at the bottom was added. The original meaning is "smoked herbs". Two semi-conservative versions are 𡴦 and 𡽽. Today, the original meaning is preserved in 薰. Unrelated to 黑.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kəw-n/t (“smoke”). Compare also 葷 (OC *qʰun, “smelling vegetables”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xūn (xun¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan¹
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): hiun¹
Eastern Min (BUC): hŏng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hong¹ / huong¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hun

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung¹ / hang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syun
  - Wade–Giles: hsün¹
  - Yale: syūn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiun
  - Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan¹
  - Yale: fān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiun¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hiun⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun
  - Tâi-lô: hun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hwn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung¹ / hang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung / hang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³³/, /haŋ³³/

Note:

hung1 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
hang1 - Jieyang, Pontianak.

Middle Chinese: xjun

Rime
Character	熏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	文 (59)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許云切
Baxter	xjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨun/
Pan Wuyun	/hiun/
Shao Rongfen	/xiuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hun/
Li Rong	/xiuən/
Wang Li	/xĭuən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xi̯uən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xūn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰu[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰun/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xūn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjun ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰu[n]/
English	smoke (v.); vapor, odor
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熏
Reading #	1/1
No.	14110
Phonetic component	熏
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	薰
Old Chinese	/*qʰun/
Notes	金文象香囊，或加火表薰香

Definitions

熏

smoke; fog
warm (used in 熏風)
to smoke (same as 薰); to cure meat (same as 燻)
to infuse tea with scented flowers (same as 窨)
a surname: Xun

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xùn (xun⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xùn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syùn
  - Wade–Giles: hsün⁴
  - Yale: syùn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiunn
  - Palladius: сюнь (sjunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fan³
  - Yale: fan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn³³/

Definitions

熏

suffocation due to coal gas

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “熏”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 271.

Japanese

Kanji

熏

(Hyōgai kanji)

smoke
darken

Readings

On (unclassified): くん (kun)
Kun: ふすべる (fusuberu)、くすべる (kusuberu)

Korean

Hanja

熏 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)

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Vietnamese

Han character

熏: Hán Nôm readings: hun, huân

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