泰

See also: 奉, 奏, and 秦

泰	U+6CF0, 泰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6CF0

← 泯
[U+6CEF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

泱 →
[U+6CF1]

Translingual

Han character

泰 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手大水 (QKE), four-corner 5013₂, composition ⿱𡗗氺)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 618, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17325
Dae Jaweon: page 1013, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1577, character 3
Unihan data for U+6CF0

Chinese

trad.		泰
simp. ^#		泰
2nd round simp.		太
alternative forms		冭夳𡙌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 泰
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːds) : phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big; great”) + semantic 廾 (“two hands”) + semantic 水 (“water”). A more conservative variant is 𡙌. The 大 and 廾 later fused into 𡗗. Its original meaning according to Shuowen Jiezi was "to slip", perhaps with a reference to seize something wet or to seize a liquid with bare hands. Then it became "too <much>", which was written either as 太 or 𡙌 > 泰 or as its variant 冭, perhaps due to the influence of its pronunciation and/or the top component of the character, which has a reference to a great quantity (hence it adds part of the meaning).

Etymology

Same word as 太 (OC *tʰaːds, “great; greatest; excessive”); both are derived from 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds, “big”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tài (tai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taai³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thai

(Meixian, Guangdong): tai⁴
Northern Min (KCR): tuo̿i
Eastern Min (BUC): tái
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): tai⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thòa / thài

(Teochew, Peng'im): tai³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tha

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tài
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tài
  - Wade–Giles: tʻai⁴
  - Yale: tài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tay
  - Palladius: тай (taj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: taai³
  - Yale: taai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: tai³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai
  - Hakka Romanization System: tai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰaɪ⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tuo̿i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuɛ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɑi²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòa / thài
  - Tâi-lô: thuà / thài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: toax, taix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰua²¹/, /tʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰua⁴¹/, /tʰai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰua²¹/, /tʰai²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰua¹¹/, /tʰai¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰua²¹/, /tʰai²¹/

Note:

thoà - vernacular;
thài - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: tai³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thài
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰai²¹³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tha
  - MiniDict: tha^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tha
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰa³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 泰
Mandarin	Beijing	/tʰai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/tʰai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/tʰai⁵³/
	Jinan	/tʰɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/tʰɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tʰai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/tʰai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/tʰɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/tʰɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/tʰɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/tʰai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/tʰai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/tʰai¹³/
	Guiyang	/tʰai²¹³/
	Kunming	/tʰæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/tʰae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/tʰe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tʰai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/tʰæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/tʰɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/tʰa³⁵/
	Suzhou	/tʰɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/tʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/tʰa⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰa³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/tʰa⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/tʰai⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/tʰai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰai²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰai⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tʰai³³/
	Nanning	/tʰai³³/
	Hong Kong	/tʰai³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tʰai²¹/ /tʰua²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tʰɑi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tʰuɛ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tʰai²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hai³⁵/

Middle Chinese: thajH

Rime
Character	泰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他蓋切
Baxter	thajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰaj^H/
Li Rong	/tʰɑi^H/
Wang Li	/tʰɑi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤa[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	泰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tài
Middle Chinese	‹ thaj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁa[t]-s/
English	great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	泰
Reading #	1/1
No.	12313
Phonetic component	泰
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	泰
Old Chinese	/*tʰaːds/

Definitions

泰

big; large
great; extensive
extreme; greatest
exalted; honourable; superior
good; excellent
safe; peaceful; stable
excessively; overly
11th hexagram of the I Ching
Short for 泰國／泰国 (Tàiguó, “Thailand”).
a surname

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

泰

(Jōyō kanji)

peaceful, calm
Thailand

Readings

On (unclassified): たい (tai, Jōyō)
Kun: やすい (yasui, 泰い)、おおきい (ōkii)、おごる (ogoru, 泰る)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
泰
たい Grade: S
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 泰 – see the following entry.

【タイ】	[proper noun] Thailand (a country in Southeast Asia)

(This term, 泰, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Proper noun

泰(やすし) • (Yasushi)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

泰 • (tae) (hangeul 태)

Tai (ethnic group)
Thai

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

泰: Hán Nôm readings: Thái

Tai (ethnic group)
Thai; Thailand