浸

Translingual

Han character

浸 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水尸一水 (ESME), four-corner 3714₇, composition ⿰氵𠬶)

Derived characters

𠺸, 𢟖, 寖, 蓡, 䆮, 𩅕, 薓, 𡩻, 𡫏, 𥧲

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 625, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17505
Dae Jaweon: page 1027, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1635, character 4
Unihan data for U+6D78

Unihan data for U+2F904

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (侵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鋟	ʔsem, sʰem, *sʰimʔ
綅	sem, ʔsim, *sʰim
祲	ʔsim, ʔsims
埐	ʔsim, zim
梫	ʔsim, sʰimʔ, *sʰrim
濅	ʔsimʔ, ʔsims
浸	ʔsims, sʰim
侵	*sʰim
駸	sʰim, sʰrim
寢	*sʰimʔ
寑	*sʰimʔ
薓	*srim

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsims, *sʰim) : semantic 水 + phonetic 𡩠 ().

Etymology 1

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸
2nd round simp.		𪫆
alternative forms		濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆䆮𣹦

Cognate with Burmese စိမ် (cim, “to steep; to soak”), Burmese စိမ့် (cim., “to seep; to ooze”) (Schuessler, 2007). Probably unrelated to 沉 (OC *l'um).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìn (jin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zam³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dim¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chim

(Meixian, Guangdong): jim⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): céng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chìm

(Teochew, Peng'im): zim³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴
  - Yale: jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam³
  - Yale: jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tim³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chim
  - Hakka Romanization System: jim
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jim⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sim⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jim⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sim⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: céng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìm
  - Tâi-lô: tsìm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cixm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sim²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sim⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sim²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sim¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sim²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zim³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsimH

Rime
Character	浸
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子鴆切
Baxter	tsimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sim^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjem^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sim^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siəm^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭĕm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯əm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsims/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浸
Reading #	1/2
No.	10482
Phonetic component	侵
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	浸
Old Chinese	/*ʔsims/
Notes	說文作濅

Definitions

浸

to soak; to sit in water (or liquid)
to immerse something in water (or liquid)
(literary) gradually

Synonyms

(to soak):

edit

泡 (pào)
浸泡 (jìnpào)
浸漬／浸渍 (jìnzì)
浸潯／浸浔 (qīnyín) (literary)

(to immerse): 滲入／渗入 (shènrù), 滲透／渗透 (shèntòu)
(gradually):

edit

慢慢
步步 (bùbù)
浸漸／浸渐 (jìnjiàn) (literary)
浸潯／浸浔 (qīnyín) (literary)
漸次／渐次 (jiàncì)
漸漸／渐渐 (jiànjiàn)
稍稍 (shāoshāo)
逐步 (zhúbù)
逐漸／逐渐 (zhújiàn)

Compounds

受浸 (shòujìn)
巨浸
施浸 (shījìn)
沉浸 (chénjìn)
浸信會／浸信会 (Jìnxìnhuì)
浸入 (jìnrù)
浸劑／浸剂
浸微
浸微浸消
浸染 (jìnrǎn)
浸死
浸水 (jìnshuǐ)
浸泡 (jìnpào)
浸浴 (jìnyù)
浸漬／浸渍 (jìnzì)
浸漸／浸渐 (jìnjiàn)
浸潤／浸润 (jìnrùn)
浸潤之譖／浸润之谮
浸濕／浸湿 (jìnshī)
浸禮／浸礼 (jìnlǐ)
浸禮會／浸礼会
浸種／浸种 (jìnzhǒng)
浸膏
浸蝕／浸蚀 (jìnshí)
浸製／浸制
浸透 (jìntòu)
濕浸浸／湿浸浸

Etymology 2

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸
alternative forms		濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆䆮𣹦

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìn, qīn (jin⁴, qin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄑㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam¹ / zam³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴
  - Yale: jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cin
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹
  - Yale: chīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cam¹ / zam³
  - Yale: chām / jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹ / dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem¹ / zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐm³³/

Middle Chinese: tshim

Rime
Character	浸
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七林切
Baxter	tshim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰim/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰim/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浸
Reading #	2/2
No.	10485
Phonetic component	侵
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	侵
Old Chinese	/*sʰim/

Definitions

浸

Used in compounds.

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸
alternative forms		沉

From 沉 (MC drimH).

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zam⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zim⁵

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam⁶
  - Yale: jahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim³²/

Definitions

浸

(Cantonese) to drown

Compounds

Etymology 4

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): zam³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam³
  - Yale: jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm³³/

Definitions

浸

(Cantonese) Classifier for layers/sections.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 浸 – see 𠹻 (“classifier for smells (Cantonese)”). (This character is a variant form of 𠹻).

Japanese

Shinjitai	浸
Kyūjitai ^[1]	浸󠄁 浸+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	浸󠄃 浸+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

浸

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}
Kun: ひたす (hitasu, 浸す, Jōyō)、ひたる (hitaru, 浸る, Jōyō)、したし (shitashi, 浸)、しみる (shimiru, 浸みる)、つかる (tsukaru, 浸かる)、つける (tsukeru, 浸ける)、やや (yaya, 浸)、ようやく (yōyaku, 浸く)^{←やうやく (yauyaku, 浸く, historical)}

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1282 (paper), page 692 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

浸 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)

soak, immerse, dip, percolate

Vietnamese

Han character

浸: Hán Nôm readings: tắm, rẫm, tẩm, thấm, thâm, trẫm, tẳm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1282 (paper), page 692 (digital)

[1]