憲

See also: 宪

憲	U+61B2, 憲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61B2

← 憱
[U+61B1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憳 →
[U+61B3]

憲	U+2F8AC, 憲 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8AC

← 憎
[U+2F8AB]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

憤 →
[U+2F8AD]

Translingual

Han character

憲 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 十手一心 (JQMP), four-corner 3033₆, composition ⿱𡩜心)

Derived characters

幰㦥攇櫶瀗䘆䜢䧮藼𢖘𪺅𪼭𨏥(𨐊) 𨯶𩍹𧾨𤼂𡾢𮨥

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 404, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11269
Dae Jaweon: page 744, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2351, character 9
Unihan data for U+61B2

Unihan data for U+2F8AC

Chinese

trad.		憲
simp.		宪
alternative forms		𢞩𡩜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (害) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
轄	kʰaːds, ɡraːd
害	*ɡaːds
犗	*kraːds
幰	*qʰanʔ
攇	*qʰanʔ
憲	*hŋans
瀗	*qʰans
割	*kaːd
磍	kreːd, kʰraːd
瞎	*qʰraːd
鎋	*ɡraːd
鶷	*ɡraːd
縖	*ɡraːd
豁	*qʰʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋans) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 𡩜 (, “a form of punishment involving tattooing the eyes”). The character conveys the meaning of "law" or "rule."^[1]

References

^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hin³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hen¹
Gan (Wiktionary): xien³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hién / hián

(Meixian, Guangdong): hian³
Jin (Wiktionary): xie³
Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̿ing
Eastern Min (BUC): hióng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiàn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiang³

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hieng³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵shi
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hin³
  - Yale: hin
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hin³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hin³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hen³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xien³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hién
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hián
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian³
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian³
  - Sinological IPA: /hian³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̿ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xyiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hióng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyɔŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiaŋ²¹³/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: hieng³
  - Sinological IPA: /hieŋ²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵shi
  - MiniDict: shi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²xi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕi³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: xienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 憲
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕi³⁵/
	Suzhou	/ɕiɪ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɕiẽ̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕi⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕiɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/hian³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hin³³/
	Nanning	/hin³³/
	Hong Kong	/hin³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hian²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hyɔŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xuiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hiaŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: xjonH

Rime
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許建切
Baxter	xjonH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨɐn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɐn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨan^H/
Li Rong	/xiɐn^H/
Wang Li	/xĭɐn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xɨ̯ɐn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hin³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰar/

(Zhengzhang): /*hŋans/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ xjon^H ›
Old Chinese	/qʰar/ (~ qʰar-s)
English	law; model; rule
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憲
Reading #	1/1
No.	4849
Phonetic component	害
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	獻
Old Chinese	/*hŋans/

Definitions

憲

(literary) law; statute
Short for 憲法／宪法 (xiànfǎ, “constitution”).
(archaic) example; model
(archaic) to promulgate; to publish
(archaic) to follow an example; to emulate

Compounds

References

“憲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
(Min Nan) “Entry #11672”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Shinjitai	憲
Kyūjitai ^[1]	憲 `憲` or 憲+`︀`^?
	憲󠄁 憲+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	憲󠄆 憲+`󠄆`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
	憲󠄂 憲+`󠄂`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	憲󠄅 憲+`󠄅`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

憲

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 憲)

constitution; basic law

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: おきて (okite, 憲)、のり (nori, 憲)
Nanori: あきら (akira)、かず (kazu)、さだ (sada)、ただし (tadashi)、ただす (tadasu)、とし (toshi)、のり (nori)

Compounds

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 901 (paper), page 500 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [hʌ̹n]
Phonetic hangul: [헌]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

憲

Wikisource

憲 (eumhun 법 헌 (beop heon))

hanja form^? of 법 (“law”)

Vietnamese

Han character

憲: Hán Nôm readings: hiến

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Digital Shinjigen 2017

[2] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 901 (paper), page 500 (digital)

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