憐憫

See also: 怜悯

Chinese

	to pity	sympathize; to pity
trad. (憐憫)	憐	憫
simp. (怜悯)	怜	悯
alternative forms	憐閔／怜闵憐愍／怜愍憐湣／怜湣

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liánmǐn

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴ man⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lìn-mén
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liân-bín / lîn-bín

(Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁵ miang²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liánmǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liánmǐn
  - Wade–Giles: lien²-min³
  - Yale: lyán-mǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianmiin
  - Palladius: ляньминь (ljanʹminʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵ min²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lin⁴ man⁵
  - Yale: lìhn máhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴ man⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴ men⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹ mɐn¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lìn-mén
  - Hakka Romanization System: lin^ˇ men^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lin² men³
  - Sinological IPA: /lin¹¹ men³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-bín
  - Tâi-lô: liân-bín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lienbien
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² bin⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ bin⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³⁻³³ bin⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lîn-bín
  - Tâi-lô: lîn-bín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: linbien
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lin²³⁻³³ bin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lin²⁴⁻²² bin⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lin¹³⁻²² bin⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin²⁴⁻¹¹ bin⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liang⁵ miang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâng miáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ miaŋ⁵²/

Middle Chinese: len minX

Rime
Character	憐	憫
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	眞 (44)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	落賢切	眉殞切
Baxter	len	minX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/	/mˠiɪn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/len/	/mᵚin^X/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/	/mien^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/	/mjin^X/
Li Rong	/len/	/mjĕn^X/
Wang Li	/lien/	/mǐĕn^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lien/	/mi̯ĕn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián	mǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁴	man⁵

Verb

憐憫

to take pity on; to have pity on
我不需要別人的憐憫。 [MSC, trad.]
我不需要别人的怜悯。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ bù xūyào biérén de liánmǐn. [Pinyin]
I don't need other people's pity.

Synonyms

edit

可憐／可怜 (kělián)
同情 (tóngqíng)
哀憐／哀怜 (āilián)
哀矜 (āijīn) (literary)
心疼 (xīnténg)
悲憫／悲悯 (bēimǐn)
惻隱／恻隐 (cèyǐn) (formal)
憐惜／怜惜 (liánxī)
矜憫／矜悯 (jīnmǐn) (literary)
罪過／罪过 (Wu)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (憐憫):

→ Japanese: 憐憫(れんびん) (renbin)
→ Korean: 연민(憐憫) (yeonmin)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
憐	憫
れん Jinmeiyō	びん Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
憐愍

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) れんびん [rèńbíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾẽ̞mbʲĩɴ]

Noun

憐(れん)憫(びん) • (renbin)

pity; compassion; mercy

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
憐	憫

Noun

憐憫 • (yeonmin) (hangeul 연민)

hanja form^? of 연민 (“sympathy; compassion; pity”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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