慄

See also: 栗

慄	U+6144, 慄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6144

← 慃
[U+6143]

CJK Unified Ideographs

慅 →
[U+6145]

慄	U+F9D9, 慄 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D9

← 律
[U+F9D8]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

栗 →
[U+F9DA]

Translingual

Han character

慄 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心一田木 (PMWD), four-corner 9109₄, composition ⿰忄栗)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 20
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11042
Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2336, character 4
Unihan data for U+6144

Unihan data for U+F9D9

Chinese

trad.		慄
simp.		栗^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (栗) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
栗	*riɡ
溧	*riɡ
慄	*riɡ
鷅	*riɡ
凓	*riɡ
篥	*riɡ
麜	*riɡ
瑮	*riɡ
塛	*riɡ
搮	*riɡ

Etymology

STEDT compared this to Tibetan བྲེད་པ་ (bred pa, “to be alarmed, scared”). If the relation is to be established, then this term is derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ray-t (“fear”).

Hong Kong Cantonese “to be scared” is borrowed from Taishanese 慄／栗 (nut⁵).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): leot⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): luut⁵
Northern Min (KCR): là̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lek / liak / lit

(Teochew, Peng'im): liag⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: leot⁶
  - Yale: leuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loet⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêd⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: luut⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵt̚³²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: là̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
  - Tâi-lô: lik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
  - Tâi-lô: liak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lit
  - Tâi-lô: lit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚⁵/

Note:

lek/liak - vernacular (“to be scared; to become weak and limp”);
lit - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: liag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /liak̚²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 慄
Mandarin	Beijing	/li⁵¹/
	Harbin	/li⁵³/
	Tianjin	/li⁵³/
	Jinan	/li²¹/
	Qingdao	/li⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/li²⁴/
	Xi'an	/li²¹/
	Xining	/l̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/li¹³/
	Lanzhou	/li¹³/
	Ürümqi	/li²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ni³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/li³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/liəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/li²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/li²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/le¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/li²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ni⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/liʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lit̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/lit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løt̚²/
	Nanning	/lɐt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/løt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lit̚⁵/ /lat̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/liʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/lɛ⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/liak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lit̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: lit

Rime
Character	慄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力質切
Baxter	lit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lit̚/
Li Rong	/liĕt̚/
Wang Li	/lĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lat⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*riɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	慄
Reading #	1/1
No.	7971
Phonetic component	栗
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	栗
Old Chinese	/*riɡ/

Definitions

慄

to shiver; to shudder; to tremble
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be scared (of one's facial expression)
(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to become weak and limp (of one's arms and legs due to fear, lack of strength, etc.)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lyut⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nut⁵

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lyut⁶
  - Yale: lyuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lyt⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lüd⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyːt̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nut⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdut̚³²/

Definitions

慄

(originally Taishanese, now also Hong Kong Cantonese) to be scared
alt. forms: 劣 (Hong Kong Cantonese)

慄到唔敢喐／栗到唔敢喐 [Taishanese] ― to be so scared one won't dare move

Japanese

Kanji

慄

(Jōyō kanji)

fear
tremble, shudder, shiver

Readings

Go-on: りち (richi)
Kan-on: りつ (ritsu, Jōyō)
Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 慄れる)、おののく (ononoku, 慄く)、ふるえる (furueru, 慄える)

Usage notes

This character is not used much in modern Japanese.

Korean

Hanja

慄 • (ryul>yul) (hangeul 률>율, revised ryul>yul, McCune–Reischauer ryul>yul, Yale lyul>yul)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慄: Hán Nôm readings: lật

translates as Lật or Rất which modifies adjectives or adverbs to mean very or extremely