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從今

See also: 从今

Chinese

		from; obey; observe from; obey; observe; follow; second cousin; lax; yielding; unhurried	today; modern; present today; modern; present; current; this; now
trad. (從今)		從	今
simp. (从今)		从	今

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): cóngjīn

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cong² jin¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): cung⁴ gam¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-kîm

(Meixian, Guangdong): qiung² gim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cóngjīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cóngjin
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻung²-chin¹
  - Yale: tsúng-jīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorngjin
  - Palladius: цунцзинь (cunczinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cong² jin¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cunggin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ²¹ t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cung⁴ gam¹
  - Yale: chùhng gām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsung⁴ gam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cung⁴ gem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ kɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-kîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiung^ˇ gim^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qiung² gim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ kim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qiung² gim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiʊŋ¹¹ kim⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzjowng kim

Rime
Character	從	今
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	疾容切	居吟切
Baxter	dzjowng	kim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨoŋ/	/kˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zioŋ/	/kᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zioŋ/	/kiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zuawŋ/	/kjim/
Li Rong	/d͡zioŋ/	/kjəm/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭwoŋ/	/kĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯woŋ/	/ki̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cóng	jīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung⁴	gam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]oŋ [k]r[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*zloŋ krɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	從	今
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cóng	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjowng ›	‹ kim ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]oŋ/	/*[k]r[ə]m/
English	to follow	now
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	從	今
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	1858	6599
Phonetic component	从	今
Rime group	東	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	從	金
Old Chinese	/*zloŋ/	/*krɯm/
Notes		文源謂含初文

Adverb

從今

(literary) from now on

Derived terms

從今以後／从今以后 (cóngjīn yǐhòu)
從今往後／从今往后 (cóngjīn wǎnghòu)

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