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Wiktionary

善于

See also: 善於

Chinese

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Etymology

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Xiongnu leader

Created by Wang Mang in 15 CE to replace the title of 單于 (chányú, “chanyu”) for the leader of the Xiongnu.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 善 于
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 仙 (77) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 常演切 羽俱切
Baxter dzyenX hju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ /ɦɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛnX/ /ɦio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjænX/ /ɣio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑianX/ /ɦuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛnX/ /ɣio/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛnX/ /ɣĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛnX/ /i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shàn yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin6 jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 善 于 于
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shàn yú yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyenX › ‹ hju › ‹ hju ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ/ /*ɢʷ(r)a/ /*ɦʷa/ (< *ɢʷ(r)a)
English good go; at 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 善 于
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11084 15706
Phonetic
component 		善 于
Rime
group 		元 魚
Rime
subdivision 		2 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		善 于
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡjenʔ/ /*ɢʷa/
Notes 王筠雲籲初文

Noun

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善于

  1. (historical, obsolete) Synonym of 單于 (chányú)
    因諭說改其號，號匈奴曰「恭奴」，單于曰「善于」，賜印綬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    因谕说改其号，号匈奴曰「恭奴」，单于曰「善于」，赐印绶。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Yīn yùshuō gǎi qí hào, hào Xiōngnú yuē “Gōngnú”, chányú yuē “shànyú”, cì yìnshòu. [Pinyin]
    He changed their names upon persuasive advice. The Xiongnu were named "Gongnu", the chanyu named "shanyu", and he bequeathed them official seals.

Verb

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善于

For pronunciation and definitions of 善于 – see 善於 (“to be good at; to be adept in”).
(This term is the simplified form of 善於).
Notes:
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