今年
Chinese
edittoday; modern; present today; modern; present; current; this; now |
year | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (今年) | 今 | 年 | |
| simp. #(今年) | 今 | 年 | |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin1 nyian2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǐnnian
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gam1 nin4 / gam1 nin4-2
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): gim1 nen3
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): giem1 nin4
- Gan (Wiktionary): jin1 nyien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing1 nie1
- Northern Min (KCR): géng-nîng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng-nièng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1cin-gni / 1cin-gnien2 / 1cin-gnie2
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin1 nyienn2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jinnián
- Wade–Giles: chin1-nien2
- Yale: jīn-nyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnian
- Palladius: цзиньнянь (czinʹnjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin1 nyian2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ginnian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵ nʲiɛn²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jǐnnian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiẽ²¹ niã/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gam1 nin4 / gam1 nin4-2
- Yale: gām nìhn / gām nín
- Cantonese Pinyin: gam1 nin4 / gam1 nin4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: gem1 nin4 / gem1 nin4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐm⁵⁵ niːn²¹/, /kɐm⁵⁵ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gim1 nen3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kim³³ ⁿden²²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: giem1 nin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɛm³³ nin⁴²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jin1 nyien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴² n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîm-ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: gimˊ ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gim1 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn-ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˊ ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin1 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴ ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing1 nie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ¹¹ nie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: géng-nîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ⁵⁴ niŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng-nièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁵ nˡieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ken-lîn
- Tâi-lô: ken-lîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kenliin
- IPA (Hui'an): /ken³³ lin²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gim1 ni5 / ging1 ni5 / gi1 ni5 / gê1 ni5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kim nî / king nî / ki nî / ke nî
- Sinological IPA (key): /kim³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/, /kiŋ³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/, /ki³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/, /ke³³⁻²³ ni⁵⁵/
Note:
- ging1 ni5 - Chenghai;
- gi1 ni5 - alternative pronunciation (Chaozhou);
- gê5 ni5 - alternative pronunciation (Jieyang).
Noun
edit今年
Synonyms
editDialectal synonyms of 今年 (“this year”) [map]
Further reading
edit- “Entry #647”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
editEtymology 1
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 今 | 年 |
| こ Grade: 2 |
とし Grade: 1 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
Compound of 此 (ko, “this”) + 年 (toshi, “year”).
The use of the kanji 今 (“now”) instead of 此 (“this”) is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 今年 (jīnnián).
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- this year, the present year
- 1187, Senzai Wakashū (book 16, poem 1016; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 75)
- 契りおきしさせもが露を命にてあはれ今年の秋もいぬめり
- chigiri-okishi sasemo ga tsuyu o inochi ni te aware kotoshi no aki mo inumeri
- I believed in you with all my heart but again this [year in] autumn passes, filled with sadness. Your promises―but vanishing dewdrops of the mugwort blessing![3]
- 契りおきしさせもが露を命にてあはれ今年の秋もいぬめり
- 1187, Senzai Wakashū (book 16, poem 1016; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 75)
Adverb
editDerived terms
editDerived terms
Etymology 2
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 今 | 年 |
| こん Grade: 2 |
ねん Grade: 1 |
| goon | |
From Middle Chinese 今年 (MC kim nen).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editDerived terms
editCoordinate terms
edit| 時 (“Time”) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~ | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | Continual | |
| Day | 日 | 一昨昨日 | 一昨日 | 昨日 | 今日 | 明日 | 明後日 | 毎日 |
| Morning | 朝 | — | 一昨朝 | 昨朝 | 今朝 | 明朝 | — | 毎朝 |
| Night | 晩 | — | 一昨晩 | 昨晩 | 今晩 | 明晩 | — | 毎晩 |
| Week | 週 | — | 先々週 | 先週 | 今週 | 来週 | 再来週 | 毎週 |
| Month | 月 | — | 先々月 | 先月 | 今月 | 来月 | 再来月 | 毎月 |
| Year | 年 | 一昨昨年 | 一昨年 | 去年 | 今年 | 来年 | 再来年 | 毎年 |
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Peter MacMillan (2018) One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each: A Treasury of Classical Japanese Verse, Penguin UK, →ISBN
Korean
edit| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 今 | 年 |
Noun
editCategories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 今
- Chinese terms spelled with 年
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Present
- Japanese terms spelled with 今
- Japanese terms spelled with 年 read as とし
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
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- Japanese adverbs
- Japanese terms spelled with 今 read as こん
- Japanese terms spelled with 年 read as ねん
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Present
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms