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See also: ترش, پرش, پرس, برش, and برس

Arabic

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تُرْس

Etymology 1

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From Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós), ultimately the same source as etymology 2.

Noun

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تُرْس (tursm (plural تُرُوس (turūs) or أَتْراس (ʔatrās))

  1. shield, scutum
    Synonyms: (dated) دَرَقَة (daraqa), (modern, proscribed) دِرْع (dirʕ)
  2. turbot, Scophthalmus maximus
Declension
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Descendants
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  • Ottoman Turkish: ترس (türs, shield)
  • Persian: ترس (tors, shield)

Verb

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تَرَّسَ (tarrasa) II (non-past يُتَرِّسُ (yutarrisu), verbal noun تَتْرِيس (tatrīs))

  1. to shield, to defend with a shield
  2. to arm with a shield
Conjugation
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تِرْس

Etymology 2

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Ancient Greek θαιρός (thairós, a pivot of a door or gate; mechanism to open a door), from Ancient Greek θῠ́ρᾱ (thúrā, door, entrance), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-.

Noun

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تِرْس (tirsm (plural تُرُوس (turūs))

  1. gear, sprocket, cogwheel
Declension
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References

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  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “ترس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 24
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ترس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[2] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 138

Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology 1

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Cognate to Azerbaijani tərs, which see for more.

Noun

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ترس (ters)

  1. reverse side, flip side, opposite end
  2. dung, excrement
    Synonyms: گوبره (göbre, gübre), تزك (tezek), فشقی (fışkı)

Adjective

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ترس (ters)

  1. reverse, opposite, contrary, converse, inverse
    Synonym: وارون (varun)

Descendants

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  • Armenian: թարս (tʻars)
  • Turkish: ters
  • North Levantine Arabic: ترس (tars, the reverse, in a countrary manner)
  • Northern Kurdish: ters (bent, crooked, skewed)

Etymology 2

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From Northern Kurdish teres (coward), possibly from Persian ترسا (tarsâ, Christian).

Noun

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ترس (teres)

  1. cuckold, wittol
    Synonyms: قودوش (kodoş), بوینوزلو (boynuzlu), دیوث (deyyus), كراتا (kerata)
  2. pimp, pander
    Synonyms: پزونك (pezevenk), قودوش (kodoş)
Descendants
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Etymology 3

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ترس

From Arabic تُرْس (turs), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).

Noun

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ترس (türs) (plural اتراس (etras), plural تروس (türüs))

  1. buckler, shield
    Synonyms: درقه (daraka), سپر (siper), قلقان (kalkan)

Etymology 4

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From Persian ترس (tars).

Noun

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ترس (ters)

  1. fright, terror

References

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  • Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ترس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[3], Vienna, column 1149
  • Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “ترس”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 278

Persian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *trāsás, from Proto-Indo-European *tros-ó-s (fear, dread), from *tres- (to tremble (with fear)). Compare Sanskrit त्रास (trāsa).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? tars
Dari reading? tars
Iranian reading? tars
Tajik reading? tars
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Noun

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ترس (tars)

  1. fear
  2. terror
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic تُرْس (turs, shield), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).

Noun

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ترس (tors)

  1. shield, buckler

South Levantine Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic تُرْس (turs).

Noun

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ترس (tirsm (plural تروس (trūs))

  1. shield

Southwestern Fars

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Noun

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ترس (ters)

  1. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) fear
  2. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) terror

Urdu

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sanskrit [Term?], from the root तृष् (tṛṣ), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ters-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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تَرَس (tarasm (Hindi spelling तरस)

  1. pity, mercy
    تجھ پہ ترس آتا ہے۔
    tujh pih taras ātā hai.
    I feel sorry for you.
  2. longing, yearning

Declension

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    Declension of ترس
singular plural
direct ترس (taras) ترس (taras)
oblique ترس (taras) ترسوں (tarasõ)
vocative ترس (taras) ترسو (taraso)

Derived terms

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References

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  • ترس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ترس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.