sam-

sam-

1. co-, con-

From Old Norse sam-. Related to the adjective samur.

sam-

1. co-, fellow, collective
2. homo-

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

sam-

1. classifier for bilateral body parts like eyes and ears.

sam-

1. co-, fellow, collective
2. homo-

• samfangi
• samhjálp
• samlínuleiki
• samskeiða
• sammótun (homomorphism)

From Old Norse sam-, related to samme.

sam-

1. (generally) co-

• “sam-” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “sam-” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

From Old Norse sam-, related to same.

sam-

1. (generally) co-

• “sam-” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

From Proto-West Germanic *sāmi-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi-, from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi-. Cognate with Old Saxon sām-, Old High German sāmi-. Compare semi-.

Since the i-umlaut of /ɑ̃:/ is /e:/ and unstressed short high vowels were lost after a heavy syllable, the expected outcome would have been *sēm- (sometimes *sem-; see below). Two developments interfered. First, lack of i-umlaut shows that the final *-i was replaced with *-a in this prefix, perhaps by analogy with its synonym *halba- (later healf-). Second, the root vowel shows shortening, since without i-umlaut the regular outcome of /ɑ̃:/ is /o:/:

brōhte ‘(s)he brought’

brōm ‘broom’ (the plant)

cōmon ‘they came’

fōn ‘to catch’

ġeōmor ‘miserable’

glōm ‘twilight’

hōh ‘heel’

hōn ‘to hang’

mōna ‘moon’

mōnaþ ‘month’

nōmon ‘they took’

ōht ‘chase’

sōna ‘immediately’

spōn ‘wood chip’

tōh ‘tough’

þō ‘clay’

þōhte ‘(s)he thought’

wōh ‘crooked, wrong’

In many derivations of sam- this shortening is not surprising, since a prehistoric sound change shortened long vowels before (1) clusters of three consonants, (2) two consonants plus two syllables, or (3) geminates. This shortening could have been eliminated by leveling in many cases, as the orthography does not normally show vowel length, but it was apparently maintained in sam-. Hence, a short vowel is expected in many words: sambærned (“half-burnt”), samblind (“half-blind”), samboren (“born early”), samcwic (“half-dead”), samlǣred (“half-educated”), samlocen (“half-closed”), sammelt (“half-digested”), samsoden (“half-cocked”), samweaxen (“adolescent”), and swā forþ. From these words and from some inflected forms, the short vowel must have spread by analogy to e.g. samġeong (“adolescent”), samhāl (“unwell”), samwīs (“dumb”), and samworht (“half-finished”).

• IPA^(key): /sɑm/

sam-

1. (literally) half-
2. (figuratively) partially

• Middle English: sam-
  • English: sam

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós (“same”), Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one, together”). Compare Old English samen (“together”), Old English same (“manner, similitude”).

• IPA^(key): /sɑm/

sam-

1. union, combination, agreement; together, con-

   samheort ― unanimous, "same-hearted"

From Proto-Germanic *samaz (“same, alike”), from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

sam-

1. together, con-

sam-

1. together, co-, con-

   Antonym: sär-

• samåka
• sambeskatta
• samfund
• samförstånd
• samhörighet
• samnordisk
• samröre
• samspråk
• samstämmig
• samtycke
• samvälde

• samla
• samma
• samman
• sams

• sam- in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• sam- in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• sam- in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

• mas

• sang-
• san-

See sang-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsam/, [ˈsam]

sam-

1. alternative form of sang-, with roots that begin with (b) or (p).