Zala was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, bordered by the river Drave to the south. The territory of the former county is now divided between Hungary, Croatia and Slovenia. The capital of the county was Zalaegerszeg.
| Zala County | |
|---|---|
| County of the Kingdom of Hungary (11th century-1596, 1715-1946) | |
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital | Zalavár; Zalaegerszeg (1730-1946) |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 46°51′N 16°51′E / 46.850°N 16.850°E |
• 1910 | 5,995 km2 (2,315 sq mi) |
• 1930 | 4,877 km2 (1,883 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 1910 | 466,333 |
• 1930 | 365,266 |
| History | |
• Established | 11th century |
• Merged to Zala-Somogy County | 1596 |
• County recreated | 1715 |
• Međimurje (Muraköz) to Croatia | 1850 |
• Muraköz restored to Zala | 1860 |
| 4 June 1920 | |
| 11 April 1941 | |
• Monarchy abolished | 1 February 1946 |
| Today part of | Hungary (4,877 km2) Croatia (389 km2) |
Geography
editZala county shared borders with the Austrian land Styria and the Hungarian counties Vas, Veszprém, Somogy, Belovár-Körös and Varasd (the latter two in Croatia-Slavonia). The river Drava (Hungarian: Dráva) river formed its southern border, Lake Balaton its eastern border. The rivers Mura and Zala flowed through the county. Its area was 5974 km2 around 1910.
History
editZala county arose as one of the first comitatus (counties) of the Kingdom of Hungary.
In 1850, shortly after the 1848 revolutions, the mostly Croatian-speaking area between the Mur and Drava rivers – the Međimurje region (Hungarian: Muraköz; German: Murinsel, lit. 'Mur island') – was transferred to the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia;[1] it was returned to Zala in 1860 and remained until 1918.
In 1920, by the Treaty of Trianon, the south-west of the county (the Međimurje region and southeastern parts of Prekmurje (Hungarian: Muravidék)) became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 as Yugoslavia). The award recognised the 1918 occupation of Međimurje and 1919 occupation of Prekmurje.[2] The remainder stayed in Hungary. The Yugoslavian part was occupied and annexed again by Hungary between 1941 and 1945 during World War II. In 1950, as part of the Communist reforms of local government, the county's borders were re-drawn again. A small part of former Vas county, north of Zalaegerszeg, went to Zala County. The part of Zala county north of Lake Balaton went to Veszprém County.
Since 1991, when Slovenia and Croatia became independent from Yugoslavia, most of Međimurje is part of Croatia (mostly in Međimurje County; Legrad is in Koprivnica-Križevci County); Razkrižje, Globoka and Prekmurje (the area around Lendava) is in Slovenia.
Demographics
editIn 1900, the county had a population of 437,116 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]
Total:
- Hungarian: 324,087 (74.1%)
- Croatian: 84,904 (19.4%)
- German: 4,917 (1.1%)
- Slovak: 218 (0.1%)
- Romanian: 159 (0.0%)
- Serbian: 13 (0.0%)
- Ruthenian: 2 (0.0%)
- Other or unknown: 22,816 (5.2%)
According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]
Total:
- Roman Catholic: 402,773 (92.2%)
- Jewish: 13,967 (3.2%)
- Calvinist: 11,793 (2.7%)
- Lutheran: 8,251 (1.9%)
- Greek Catholic: 68 (0.0%)
- Greek Orthodox: 108 (0.0%)
- Unitarian: 32 (0.0%)
- Other or unknown: 124 (0.0%)
In 1910, the county had a population of 466,333 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[5]
Total:
- Hungarian: 347,167 (74.45%)
- Croatian: 91,909 (19.71%)
- German: 3,889 (0.83%)
- Slovak: 233 (0.05%)
- Serbian: 56 (0.01%)
- Romanian: 44 (0.01%)
- Ruthenian: 3 (0.0%)
- Other: 23,032 (4.94%)
According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[6]
Total:
- Roman Catholic: 433,145 (92.88%)
- Jewish: 12,892 (2.76%)
- Calvinist: 11,738 (2.52%)
- Lutheran: 8,220 (1.76%)
- Greek Catholic: 117 (0.03%)
- Greek Orthodox: 110 (0.02%)
- Unitarian: 37 (0.01%)
- Other: 74 (0.02%)
Subdivisions
editIn the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Zala county were:
| Districts (járás, plural járások) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Alsólendva | Alsólendva, SI Lendava |
| Balatonfüred | Balatonfüred |
| Csáktornya | Csáktornya, HR Čakovec |
| Keszthely | Keszthely |
| Letenye | Letenye |
| Nagykanizsa | Nagykanizsa |
| Nova | Nova |
| Pacsa | Pacsa |
| Perlak | Perlak, HR Prelog |
| Sümeg | Sümeg |
| Tapolca | Tapolca |
| Zalaegerszeg | Zalaegerszeg |
| Zalaszentgrót | Zalaszentgrót |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Nagykanizsa | |
| Zalaegerszeg | |
Today, the towns of Prelog and Čakovec are in Croatia; Lendava is in Slovenia.
Earlier subdivisions
editIn the early 19th century Zala County was divided into:[7]
- Processus Lövőensis (Zalalövő)
- Processus Insulanus (Međimurje/Muraköz)
- Processus Egerszegiensis (Zalaegerszeg)
- Processus Kapornakiensis (Nagykapornak)
- Processus Szántóiensis
- Processus Tapoltzensis (Tapolca)
In 1854 Zala county (which at that time excluded Međimurje/Muraköz) comprised the following Stuhlbezirke (presented as they appear in the defining act):[8]
- Bánok-Sz.-György
- Pácsa
- Keszthely
- Tapolcza
- Sümegh
- Kanizsa
- Lendva
- Zala-Egerszegh
References
edit- ^ Gesetz vom 12. Juni 1850, RGBl. 245/1850: "Verordnung des Ministeriums des Innern vom 12. Juni 1850, betreffend die Organisirung der politischen Verwaltungsbehörden im Königreiche Croatien und Slavonien". Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt für das Kaiserthum Österreich (in German). 12 June 1850. Retrieved 4 September 2023 – via ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online.
- ^ Vuk, Ivan (2019). "Pripojenje Međimurja Kraljevstvu Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca: Od neuspjeloga pokušaja 13. studenog do uspješnoga zaposjedanja Međimurja 24. prosinca 1918. godine" [The Annexation of Međimurje to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes: From the unsuccessful attempt on 13 November to the successful occupation of Međimurje on 24 December 1918]. Časopis za suvremenu povijest (in Croatian). 51 (2). Zagreb: Croatian Institute of History: 520–527. doi:10.22586/csp.v51i2.8927. ISSN 0590-9597.
- ^ "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- ^ Lipszky, Janos; Gottfried, Prixner; Karacs, Ferenc (1808). "Mappa Generalis Regni Hungariae". David Rumsey Map Collection. Pesthini. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ Gesetz vom 6. April 1854, RGBl. 80/1854: "Verordnung der Ministerien des Inneren, der Justiz und der Finanzen vom 6. April 1854 betreffend die politische und gerichtliche Oraganisierung des Königreichs Ungarn". ÖNB-ALEX - Historische Rechts- und Gesetztexte Online (in German). 6 April 1854. Retrieved 5 September 2023.