Yongzhou (Chinese: 永州; pinyin: Yǒngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Hunan province, People's Republic of China, located on the southern bank of the Xiang River, which is formed by the confluence of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, and bordering Guangdong to the southeast and Guangxi to the southwest.[3] With a history of 2000 years, Yongzhou is one of the four ancient counties in Hunan. Its total area is 22,255.31 square kilometres (8,592.82 sq mi), and at the 2022 Chinese census it had a total population of 5,143,700,[4] of whom 1,146,692 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 2 urban districts.
Yongzhou
永州市 Yungchow | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Location of Yongzhou City jurisdiction in Hunan | |
  Yongzhou Location of the city centre in Hunan | |
| Coordinates (Yongzhou municipal government): 26°25′12″N 111°36′47″E / 26.420°N 111.613°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Seat | Lengshuitan District |
| Area | |
| 22,255.31 km2 (8,592.82 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,177.3 km2 (1,226.8 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,177.3 km2 (1,226.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 5,289,824 | |
| • Density | 240/km2 (620/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,146,692 |
| • Urban density | 360/km2 (930/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,146,692 |
| • Metro density | 360/km2 (930/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 241.0 billion US$ 35.7 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 46,853 US$ 6,967 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 425000 |
| Area code | 0746 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HN-11 |
| Official Language | Standard Chinese |
| Dialects | Yongzhou dialect Xiangnan Tuhua Qiyang dialect |
| Website | yzcity |
| Yongzhou | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 永州 | ||||||||||
| Postal | Yungchow | ||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Eternal Prefecture" | ||||||||||
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History
editDuring late imperial China, Yongzhou was also the seat of a prefecture.[5]
In 2016, with the approval of the State Council, Yongzhou City was included in the List of National Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China.[6]
Geography and climate
editYongzhou is the southernmost prefecture-level division of Hunan, and is located at the confluence of the Xiao (Xiaoshui) and Xiang Rivers. Within its borders is the Nan Mountains (Nan Ling), which increases the complexity of climatic variation. It borders Chenzhou to the east, Hezhou (Guangxi), Guilin (Guangxi) and Qingyuan (Guangdong) to the south, and Hengyang and Shaoyang to the north. Its area spans around 22,400 km2 (8,650 sq mi).[7]
Yongzhou has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with a 1981–2010 annual mean temperature of 18.03 °C (64.5 °F), although within the prefecture-level city the range during 1971–2000 was 17.6 to 18.6 °C (63.7 to 65.5 °F).[8] Winters are mild and brief, beginning somewhat dry and turning wet and gloomy as the season progresses. Spring is very rainy, especially in May, which is the wettest month. Summer is very hot and humid, with moderate levels of rain, and generous sunshine; on average, July and August are the only two months where the area receives more than half of possible sunshine. Autumn is the driest season. From January to May, on average, more than half of the days each month receive some precipitation. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 6.1 °C (43.0 °F) in January to 29.0 °C (84.2 °F) in July. The annual precipitation is around 1,426 mm (56 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 15% in February and March to 58% in July, the city receives 1,491 hours of sunshine annually.[9]
| Climate data for Yongzhou (Lengshuitan District, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
35.7 (96.3) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.2 (97.2) |
37.7 (99.9) |
40.1 (104.2) |
41.1 (106.0) |
39.4 (102.9) |
37.0 (98.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
26.3 (79.3) |
41.1 (106.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
16.7 (62.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
24.4 (75.9) |
18.7 (65.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
22.8 (73.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.5 (43.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.8 (55.0) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.2 (73.8) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.3 (84.7) |
28.6 (83.5) |
25.0 (77.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.7 (47.7) |
18.5 (65.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
6.3 (43.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
10.9 (51.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.0 (19.4) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.3 (48.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.7 (2.90) |
84.4 (3.32) |
146.1 (5.75) |
145.5 (5.73) |
180.2 (7.09) |
184.5 (7.26) |
104.3 (4.11) |
124.8 (4.91) |
57.3 (2.26) |
67.5 (2.66) |
76.6 (3.02) |
52.8 (2.08) |
1,297.7 (51.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 14.9 | 14.8 | 19.2 | 16.9 | 16.3 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 10.5 | 158.7 |
| Average snowy days | 2.8 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.7 | 5.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 80 | 83 | 81 | 81 | 82 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 76 | 78 | 76 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 49.5 | 52.0 | 62.8 | 97.5 | 124.4 | 130.2 | 226.7 | 193.2 | 140.8 | 117.9 | 105.5 | 85.6 | 1,386.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 15 | 16 | 17 | 25 | 30 | 32 | 54 | 48 | 39 | 33 | 33 | 26 | 31 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[10][11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[12] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
editAs of October 2022:[13]
- Lengshuitan District (冷水滩区)
- Lingling District (零陵区)
- Qiyang City (祁阳市)
- Dong'an County (东安县)
- Dao County (道县)
- Ningyuan County (宁远县)
- Jiangyong County (江永县)
- Lanshan County (蓝山县)
- Xintian County (新田县)
- Shuangpai County (双牌县)
- Jianghua Yao Autonomous County (江华瑶族自治县)
| Map |
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Government
editThe current Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of Yongzhou is Zhu Hongwu and the current mayor is Chen Ailin.[14]
Transportation
editAir
edit- Yongzhou Lingling Airport(永州机场),Located in Lanjiaoshan Town, Yongzhou City, the airport is 7 kilometers away from the northernmost end of Lingling City and the southernmost end of Lengshuitan City.[15]
Rail
edit- Yongzhou Railway Station(永州站)
- Lingling Railway Station(零陵火车站)
- Yongzhou East Railway Station(永州东站)
Within Yongzhou area;
edit- Hunan–Guangxi Railway(湘桂铁路)
- Luo-Zhan Railway(洛湛铁路)
Highway
editDemographics
editAccording to the 7th National Population Census in 2020, the permanent resident population of the city is 5,289,824.[16][17] Compared to the 5,194,275 people in the sixth national population census, there has been a total increase of 95549 people in the past decade, an increase of 1.84%, and an average annual growth rate of 0.18%.
Ethnic composition
editYongzhou City is a multi-ethnic area. There are 49 ethnic groups in the city, including 48 ethnic minorities. The permanent population of ethnic minorities is 561,342, accounting for 10.61%; the registered population of ethnic minorities is 740,639, accounting for 11.57%, both ranking fourth in the province.[18]
Education
editSecondary school
edit- Hunan Yongzhou No.1 High School(湖南省永州市第一中学)
Universities and Colleges
editNotable people
edit- Liu Wen - China's first supermodel[19]
- Qu Dongyu - Ninth Director-General of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
- Li Da - Chinese Marxist philosopher and President of Wuhan University (1952-1966)
- Huaisu - Buddhist monk and calligrapher of the Tang dynasty
- Huang Gai - military general during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China
- Tang Baiqiao - Political dissident
- Qin Guangrong - Former politician
- Chen Sanxin - Former politician
- Yi Yi - Actress and host
Sister cities
edit| Country | City | State / Region | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Province | 2009 | ||
| Selangor |
Courthouse incident
editThree judges were killed and three court staff were injured by submachine gun in the 2010 Yongzhou courthouse shooting.[22] The assailant was apparently angry at the Chinese justice system about the results of his divorce settlement.[23]
References
edit- ^ "China: Húnán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ "2022年湖南省各市州地区生产总值（三季度".
- ^ "湖南省永州市门户网站" [Hunan Yongzhou Portal]. 湖南省人民政府门户网站 (in Chinese). 2024-05-01.
- ^ "永州市2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" [Yongzhou City 2022 National Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin]. Yongzhou Municipal People's Government (in Chinese). 2023-04-18. Retrieved 2024-04-29.
- ^ "历史沿革" [background]. Yongzhou Municipal People's Government. 2024-04-30.
- ^ "国务院关于同意将湖南省永州市列为国家历史文化名城的批复" [Reply of the State Council on Agreeing to List Yongzhou City in Hunan Province as a National Famous Historical and Cultural City]. www.gov.cn (in Chinese). 2016-12-16. Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ^ "zh:永州市" [Yongzhou prefecture level city in Hunan]. The People' s Government of Hunan Province (in Chinese). 2024-06-02.
- ^ 永州城市介绍 (in Simplified Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 2013-05-27.
- ^ "气候环境" [climatic environment]. www.cnll.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-05-01.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
- ^ 永州 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ "2022区划代码·永州市" [2022 Zoning Code-Yongzhou City]. National Bureau of Statistics (in Chinese). 2022-10-01. Retrieved 2024-04-28.
- ^ Liu, Jing; Yu, Guanglin; Tang, Xiaomang (2021-08-14). "陈爱林任永州市人民政府副市长、代理市长" [Chen Ailin Appointed Vice Mayor and Acting Mayor of Yongzhou Municipal People's Government]. www.yongzhou.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- ^ "Lingling Airport runway upgrade and renovation expected to be put into use on December 31" [零陵机场跑道提质改造 预计12月31日投用]. 2023-10-07.
- ^ "China: Húnán (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
- ^ "永州市第七次全国人口普查公报（第一号）_统计公报_市统计局_永州市人民政府". tjj.yzcity.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
- ^ yongzhou, zhengfuwang (2023-10-06). "Population and Ethnicity" [人口与民族].
- ^ Parker, Nick (2011-09-30). "How a small-town girl became China's first supermodel". CNN. Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ^ Nuwara Eliya strengthens ties with Chinese Yongzhou city Archived June 5, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Sri Lanka News
- ^ "List of Sister cities of Hunan". Hunan Government. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
- ^ "Three judges shot dead at a court in Hunan, China". BBC News. 1 June 2010.
- ^ Jacobs, Andrew (June 1, 2010). "Fatal Shooting at Chinese Courthouse". New York Times.