The United Provinces (UP) was a province of British India and, subsequently, independent India.
| United Provinces | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Province of British India (1937–1947) Dominion of India (1947–1950) | |||||||||||||||
| 1937–1950 | |||||||||||||||
 | |||||||||||||||
 Map of the United Provinces | |||||||||||||||
| Capital | Lucknow | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
• Established | 1937 | ||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1950 | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||||||||||
History
editIt came into existence on 1 April 1937 as a result of the shortening of the name of the "United Provinces of British India". It corresponded approximately to the combined regions of the present-day Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.[1]
Provincial autonomy
editThe Government of India Act 1935 enlarged the elected provincial legislature and expanded provincial autonomy vis-a-vis the central government.
In the elections held in 1937, the Indian National Congress won the majority seats, but declined to form a government. Therefore, on 1 April 1937, and the Nawab of Chhatari, the leader of the National Agriculturist Parties, was invited to form a minority provisional government.[2]
| Minister | Portfolio |
|---|---|
| Nawab of Chhatari | Home Affairs |
| Sir Muhammad Yusuf | Local Self-Government and Health |
| Jwala Prasad Srivastava | Finance |
| Raja Syed Ahmad Alvi of Salempur | Education |
| Raja Maheshwar Dayal Seth | Home and Agricultural |
| Maharajkumar of Vizianagram | Justice |
| Raja Durga Narayan Singh of Tirwa | Industries and Communications |
The Congress reversed its decision and resolved to accept office in July 1937. Therefore, the Governor Sir Harry Graham Haig invited Govind Ballabh Pant to form the government.[3][4]
| Minister | Portfolio |
|---|---|
| Govind Ballabh Pant | Premier, Home and Finance |
| Rafi Ahmed Kidwai | Revenue and Jails |
| Kailash Nath Katju | Justice, Development, Agriculture and Veterinary |
| Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit | Local Self-government and Health |
| Muhammad Ibrahim | Communication and Irrigation |
| P. L. Sharma |
In 1939, all of the Congress ministries in British Indian provinces resigned and the United Provinces were placed under the Governor's rule. In 1945, the British Labour government ordered new elections to the Provincial legislatures. The Congress won a majority in the 1946 elections in the United Provinces and Pant was again the Premier, continuing even after India's independence in 1947.
Post-independence
editFollowing independence in 1947, the princely states of Rampur, Banares and Tehri-Garwal were merged into the United Provinces. On 25 January 1950, this unit was renamed as Uttar Pradesh. In 2000, the separate state of Uttaranchal, now known as Uttarakhand, was carved out of Uttar Pradesh.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Provinces of British India". www.worldstatesmen.org.
- ^ "PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS (MINISTERS). (Hansard, 19 April 1937)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 19 April 1937.
- ^ AFTERMATH OF THE ELECTIONS (PDF). Shodganga.
- ^ Indian Information Series, Volumes 4-5. 1939.
External links
edit- The interesting story on how United Province became Uttar Pradesh at Business Standard
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "United Provinces of Agra and Oudh". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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