The Paps of Anu (Irish: Dá Chích Anann, "the breasts of Anu") are a pair of breast-shaped mountains near Killarney in County Kerry, Ireland.[1] The eastern summit, The Paps East, is 694 metres (2,277 ft) high[2] and the western top, The Paps West is 690 metres (2,260 ft) high.[3]
| Paps of Anu | |
|---|---|
| Dá Chích Anann | |
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 694 m (2,277 ft) |
| Listing | Breast-shaped hills |
| Coordinates | 52°00′55″N 9°16′09″W / 52.01528°N 9.26917°W |
| Geography | |
  Paps of Anu | |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | From Rathmore, County Kerry |
The mountains are named after Anu, believed to be an ancient mother goddess. Cormac's Glossary describes Anu or Danu as "the mother of the gods of Ireland".[4] On each summit is a prehistoric cairn, which may be miniature passage graves or house burial cists.[5] The cairn on the eastern Pap is slightly larger, with a height of 4 metres (13 ft) and diameter of 16 metres (52 ft). They have been described as "stone nipples on the great breasts of the mother goddess".[4] A line of stones, known as Na Fiacla, connects the two tops and is believed to have been a processional route.[6][7] Archeologist Frank Coyne suggested that the mountains were seen as sacred and said "There is little doubt that the mountaintops of both The Paps…were utilized for ritual in prehistory". To the ancients, the mountains reinforced the idea that the Earth was a motherly body.[8]
There is a stream running between the mountains. One half flows north into a small lake called Lough Nageeha and the other half flows south into the Clydagh River.
Cahercrovdarrig
editTo the northeast of the peaks is an ancient circular stone enclosure called Cahercrovdarrig (Cathair Crobh Dearg, 'Red Claw Fort/City') or 'The City'.[9] The Paps can be clearly seen from Cahercrovdarrig and it appears that the two sites are linked. It contains a possible ruined megalithic tomb, an ogham stone, an earthen mound, a holy well, and a cross-inscribed stone altar.[10] When the water table is high enough, the water "noisily bubbles up from its depths".[11]
It is believed that the site is named after the saint Crobh Dearg and was originally used for Beltane rituals[12] and festivities.[13] Over time, the site and the festivities became somewhat Christianized. A yearly May Day festival was held there up until World War II. According to local folklorist Dan Cronin, the festival involved music, dancing, drinking, and "champions…performing feats of valour".[14] People would circle the well and the other features of the site while reciting prayers. They would also walk their cattle around the well as a purification ritual.[15] In 1925, the festivities "were augmented…for the first time in modern memory, with the inclusion of a Mass".[16] In his sermon, the priest commented that "The pagan danger is now past. Paganism is dead, or rather all the best elements in it have been absorbed into Christianity".[16] After World War II, "all that remained of the event were the penitential rites, observed by the occasional visitor on any day of the year, and by a small crowd celebrating Mass there each May Day".[11] A statue of Mary has been erected at the site. In 1983, a local affiliate of Comhaltas Ceoltóirí Éireann, the Irish cultural organization, working with the parish priest, reintroduced music and dance to the May Day festival at Cahercrovdarrig.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "The Paps of Anu - Prehistoric and Early Ireland". Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "The Paps East". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ "The Paps West". MountainViews.ie. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ a b Monaghan 2004, p. 20
- ^ Coyne 2006, pp. 21–22
- ^ Coyne 2006, p. 24
- ^ Tempan, Paul (May 2010). "Irish Hill and Mountain Names" (PDF). MountainViews.ie. p. 119. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
- ^ Monaghan 2004, p. 451
- ^ Armao, Frederic (2017). "Cathair Crobh Dearg: From Ancient Beliefs to the Rounds 2017". Estudios Irlandeses. 12 (2): 8–31. doi:10.24162/EI2017-7511. ISSN 1699-311X.
- ^ Coyne 2006, p. 46
- ^ a b c Goldbaum, Howard (21 April 2010). "The City and the Paps of Anu". Voices from the Dawn. Archived from the original on 28 January 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2024.
- ^ Armao, Frederic (2009). "Le pèlerinage de Cathair Crobh Dearg: Coutume séculaire ou acte de résistance?". Conformismes et Résistances (in French): 8–9.
- ^ Coyne 2006, p. 50
- ^ Cronin 2001, pp. 38–40
- ^ Coyne 2006, p. 47
- ^ a b Cronin 2001, pp. 48–49
Bibliography
edit- Coyne, Frank (2006). Islands in the Clouds: An Upland Archaeological Study on Mount Brandon and the Paps, County Kerry. Kerry County Council; Aegis Archaeology Ltd. ISBN 9780954176525. OCLC 70881594.
- Cronin, Dan (2001). In the Shadow of the Paps. Crede; Sliabh Luachra Heritage Group. ISBN 9780954142506. OCLC 50215750.
- Monaghan, Patricia (2004). The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore. Infobase. ISBN 9780816045242. OCLC 51886379.