St. Clement's Island State Park is a publicly owned historic preservation and recreational area that encompasses St. Clement's Island, an uninhabited Potomac River island lying one-half mile southeast of Colton's Point, St. Mary's County, Maryland. The state park features a 40-foot stone cross dedicated to the beginnings of freedom of religion in the United States as well as a reconstruction of the historic Blakistone Island Light.[4] It is the central feature of the St. Clement's Island Historic District that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[5]
| St. Clement's Island State Park | |
|---|---|
 Commemorative cross and rebuilt Blackistone Lighthouse | |
  St. Clement's Island State Park Location in Maryland | |
| Location | Saint Mary's County, Maryland, United States |
| Coordinates | 38°12′40″N 76°44′44″W / 38.21111°N 76.74556°W[1] |
| Area | 62 acres (25 ha)[2] |
| Elevation | 10 ft (3.0 m)[1] |
| Established | 1962 |
| Administered by | Maryland Department of Natural Resources |
| Designation | Maryland state park |
| Website | Official website  |
St. Clement's Island Historic District | |
 | |
| Nearest city | Leonardtown, Maryland |
| Area | 1,499 acres (607 ha)[3] |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001484 |
| Added to NRHP | April 10, 1972 |
History
editThe park preserves the site of the March 23, 1634, landing of Maryland's first colonists, who had sailed from Cowes on the Isle of Wight in England four months earlier.[6][7] On March 25, the colonists celebrated a mass of thanksgiving for their safe arrival and this date is commemorated annually as Maryland Day.[8][9] The island was a convenient, temporary base of operations for the 150 settlers as they negotiated with the Yaocomico Native Americans for land for a permanent settlement. They named the island in honor of Pope Clement I, patron saint of mariners. It was the site of the first Roman Catholic Mass celebrated in the British-American colonies, said by Jesuit Father Andrew White.
The island measured "not above 400 acres" at the time of the settlers' landing, according to White's account of the journey.[10] Five years later, in 1639, the Surveyor General measured the island and found that it was about 80 acres.[11] It formed part of St. Clement's Manor, which was granted by the Second Lord Baltimore to Thomas Gerard in 1639.[12] Gerard subsequently became a major landholder and political figure in Maryland and Virginia. After the island became the property of Gerard's daughter Elizabeth, the wife of Nehemiah Blackistone, it became known as Blackistone Island.[3]
After the Blackistone family took ownership in 1669, the island remained in the family for 162 years. It was taken over by the US Navy in 1919, at which time a landing strip and piers were built and the island's buildings and trees were removed.[13] In 1962, the property was designated as a state park when it was leased from the Federal government and its name reverted to St. Clement's Island.[14] The name change was made official by the Board of Geographic Names in 1965.[1]
Features
editThe island's 40-foot stone cross was erected in 1934 in celebration of Maryland's 300th anniversary, recognizing the location as one of the foundation sites of religious toleration in the United States.[14]
A replica of the Blakistone Island Light was completed in 2008 through the efforts of the St. Clement's Hundred community organization.[14] The original lighthouse occupied the island from 1851 until 1956 when it was destroyed by fire.[13]
Activities and amenities
editThe island is only accessible by private boat or via a water taxi that operates seasonally from the St. Clement's Island Museum in Colton's Point.[14] Activities on the island include hiking, picnicking, fishing, and hunting.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Saint Clements Island". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
- ^ "DNR Lands Acreage Report" (PDF). Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
- ^ a b Mrs. Preston Parish, Keeper of the Maryland Register (November 18, 1970). "St. Clement's Island Historic District" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. Maryland Historical Trust. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
- ^ a b "St. Clement's Island State Park". Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
- ^ "St. Clement's Island Historic District". Maryland's National Register Properties. Maryland Historic Trust. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
- ^ Lois Green Carr; Russell R. Menard; Louis Peddicord (March 25, 1984). "Maryland... at the beginning" (PDF). Hall of Records Commission, Department of General Services. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
- ^ "Sister Ships Ark and Dove". Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
- ^ "State House Caucus Room: The Landing of the Maryland Colonists from the Ark & the Dove, St. Clement's Island, March 25, 1634". The Maryland State House. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
- ^ "Maryland Day". Maryland Manual On-Line. Maryland State Archives. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
- ^ Andrew White (March 25, 1984). "A Briefe Relation of the Voyage Unto Maryland". Maryland State Archives. p. 18. Retrieved February 7, 2016.
- ^ Thomas, James Walter (1913). Chronicles of Colonial Maryland: With Illustrations. Eddy Press Corporation.
- ^ "Dr. Thomas Gerard". National Society Colonial Dames 17th Century Cross Trails Chapter. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved November 29, 2013.
- ^ a b "Historic Light Station Information: Maryland" (PDF). U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office. p. 3. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "St. Clement's Island Museum". St Mary's County Government. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
External links
edit- St. Clement's Island State Park Maryland Department of Natural Resources
- St. Clement's Island Historic District, St. Mary's County, including photo from 2002, at Maryland Historical Trust