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The plain is the surface of an in-filled system of ancient canyons (the "Apennine Foredeep") extending from the [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]] in the south to the Alps in the north, including the northern Adriatic. In addition to the Po and its affluents the contemporary surface may be considered to include the [[Savio (river)|Savio]], [[Lamone (river)|Lamone]] and [[Reno (river)|Reno]] to the south, and the [[Adige]], [[Brenta (river)|Brenta]], [[Piave (river)|Piave]] and [[Tagliamento]] of the [[Venetian Plain]] to the north, among the many streams that empty into the north Adriatic from the west and north.
Geo-political definitions of the valley depend on the defining authority. The Po Basin Water Board (''{{Lang-it|Autorità di bacino del fiume Po}}''), authorized in 1989 by Law no. 183/89 to oversee "protection of lands, water rehabilitation, the use and management of hydro resources for the national economic and social development, and protection of related environment" within the Po basin, has authority in several administrative regions of north Italy, including the plain north of the Adriatic and the territory south of the lower Po, as shown in the regional depiction included with this article. The law defines the Po basin as "the territory from which rainwater or snow and glacier melt flows on the surface, gathers in streams of water either directly or via tributaries...".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Po Basin Water Board, Italy|publisher=CABRI-Volga|url=http://www.cabri-volga.org/DOC/D3-CaseStudies/CaseStudyPoBasin.doc|accessdate=4 June 2009}}</ref> The United Nations Environment Program includes the Alps and Apennines as far as the sources of the tributaries of the Po but excludes Veneto and that portion of Emilia-Romagna south of the lower Po; that is, it includes the region drained by the Po but only the Po and its tributaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Po|publisher=United Nations Environment Programme, Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA), Global Resource Information Database (GRID) - Europe|url=http://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication/freshwater_europe/po.php|accessdate=4 June 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801114726/http://www.grid.unep.ch/product/publication/freshwater_europe/po.php|archivedate=1 August 2009|df=}}</ref>
The altitude of the valley through which the Po flows, exclusive of its tributaries, varies from approximately {{convert|4|m|ft|abbr=on}} below sea level in the [[Polesine]] subregion (the [[river delta|delta]] around [[Ferrara]])<ref>{{cite web|title=the Water Board|publisher=Consorzio di Bonifica II Circondario - Polesine di San Giorgio|url=http://www.bonifica2.fe.it/territorio_en.html|accessdate=6 June 2009}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> to about {{convert|2100|m|ft|abbr=on}} at the river's origin in the southern [[Piedmont]]ese [[province of Cuneo]], also known as the ''Provincia granda''. The valley is crossed by a number of [[tributary|affluents]] running down from the Alps in the north and from the Apennines in the south. The Po's major affluents include the [[Tanaro]], [[Scrivia]], [[Trebbia]], [[Panaro (river)|Panaro]] and [[Secchia]] in the south, [[Dora Riparia]], [[Dora Baltea]], [[Sesia]], [[Ticino (river)|Ticino]] (draining [[Lake Maggiore]]), [[Lambro]], [[Adda (river)|Adda]] (draining [[Lake Como]]), [[Oglio]] (draining [[Lake Iseo]]) and [[Mincio]] (draining [[Lake Garda]] and called [[Sarca]] in its upper reaches) in the north.
==Geology==
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==External links==
{{Commons category|Pianura Padana|Po Valley}}
* {{cite web|title=Po Valley panorama map|publisher=Red Geographics|date=2004–2009|accessdate=3 June 2009|url=http://www.freelancecartographer.com/gallery_po_valley.html|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091223003623/http://www.freelancecartographer.com/gallery_po_valley.html|archivedate=23 December 2009|df=}}
{{coord missing|Italy}}
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