Radical 17 or radical open box (凵部) is one of 23 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of two strokes.
| 凵 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| 凵 (U+51F5) "receptacle" | ||
| Pronunciations | ||
| Pinyin: | kǎn | |
| Bopomofo: | ㄎㄢˇ | |
| Wade–Giles: | kʻan3 | |
| Cantonese Yale: | hom1 | |
| Jyutping: | ham3 | |
| Pe̍h-ōe-jī: | khám | |
| Japanese Kana: | カン kan (on'yomi) | |
| Sino-Korean: | 감 gam | |
| Names | ||
| Chinese name(s): | 凶字框 xiōngzìkuàng 下三框 xiàsānkuāng | |
| Japanese name(s): | 凵繞/かんにょう kannyō 受け箱/うけばこ ukebako 下箱/したばこ shitabako 函構/かんがまえ kangamae | |
| Hangul: | 입벌릴 ip beolril | |
| Stroke order animation | ||
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凵 is also the 20th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.
As for the similar radicals 22 匚 and 13 冂, the name of radical 17 is purely descriptive of its shape, 下三框 "lower three-sided frame".
Evolution
edit-
Oracle bone script character
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Large seal script character
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Small seal script character
Derived characters
edit| Strokes | Characters |
|---|---|
| +0 | 凵 |
| +2 | 凶 (bad, inauspicious) |
| +3 | 凷 凸 凹 出 (go out, send out) 击SC (=擊 -> 手, to hit) |
| +4 | 凼 |
| +6 | 函SC/TC variant/函Kangxi/JP/KO variant (box) |
| +7 | 凾 (=函) |
| +10 | 凿SC (=鑿 -> 金) |
The radical does not occur as a character on its own. In combination, it historically takes meanings such as "open mouth", "box", "frame", "hole" or "receptacle".
Also derived from the radical are the Simplified Chinese characters including 击 "to hit", without any historical connection to the radical.
幽 "deep, dark" is derived from radical 46 (山 "mountain") rather than radical 17.
Literature
edit- Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
- Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2
- KangXi: page 134, character 17