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1964 Malaysian general election

General elections were held in Malaysia on Saturday, 25 April 1964. It elected members of the expanded Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Malaysia, after the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 whereby the Federation of Malaya was superseded by Malaysia with the additions of the Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah. Voting took place in 104 out of 159 parliamentary constituencies, each electing one Member of Parliament (MP).[1] State elections also took place in 282 state constituencies in 11 out of 14 states of Malaysia on the same day, each electing one Member of the Legislative Assemblies (MLA).

1964 Malaysian general election

← 1959 25 April 1964 1969 →

104 of the 159 seats in the Dewan Rakyat
53 seats needed for a majority
Registered2,681,895
Turnout80.03%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Tunku Abdul Rahman Tan Chee Khoon Burhanuddin al-Helmy
Party Alliance Socialist Front PAS
Last election 51.8%, 74 seats 12.9%, 8 seats 21.3%, 13 seats
Seats won 89 2 9
Seat change Increase 15 Decrease 6 Decrease 4
Popular vote 1,204,340 330,898 301,187
Percentage 58.5% 16.1% 14.6%
Swing Increase 6.7pp Increase 3.2pp Decrease 6.7pp

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Lim Chong Eu D. R. Seenivasagam Lee Kuan Yew
Party UDP PPP PAP
Last election 6.3%, 4 seats
Seats won 1 2 1
Seat change New Decrease 2 New
Popular vote 88,223 69,898 42,130
Percentage 4.3pp 3.4% 2.0%
Swing New Decrease 2.9pp New


Prime Minister before election

Tunku Abdul Rahman
Alliance

Prime Minister-designate

Tunku Abdul Rahman
Alliance

The result was a victory for the Alliance Party, which won 89 of the 104 seats with a turnout of 80%. Two Alliance candidates were returned uncontested. Notably, the result also contributed towards the eventual expulsion of Singapore from Malaysia. The Singaporean-based People's Action Party (PAP) had decided to run on the peninsular in response to the United Malays National Organisation (UNMO) participating in the 1963 Singaporean general election, which violated an agreement not to do so, and although the PAP attracted large crowds at its rallies, it won only one seat – Devan Nair in Bangsar at Selangor.[2] It is thought by some historians that Minister of Finance and Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) President Tan Siew Sin's appeal to the ethnic Chinese in the peninsular to avoid challenging the Malay special rights and risk merger with Indonesia helped the MCA retain its status as the "undisputed leader of the Chinese in the Malayan peninsula" at the time. Nevertheless, Alliance leaders, especially from UMNO and MCA, were furious with the PAP and would deem them and Lee Kuan Yew's charisma with voters as a threat to their rule.

As it was the first parliamentary general election held after the formation of Malaysia in 1963, state elections were not held in Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. Transitional provisions allowed the state legislatures of the three states to choose their parliamentary representatives until the next election. The three states were allocated a total of 55 seats – 15 for Singapore, 16 for Sabah and 24 for Sarawak. Together, these three states held 35% out of the 159 seats in parliament. This was intended to act as a check and balance to prevent parliament from passing constitutional amendments – which required a two-thirds majority – without the agreement of representatives from the three new states. After Singapore was expelled from Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak were only left with 28% of the seats (when 40 seats were divided by the remaining 144), and as a consequence both states were not able to stop parliament from approving laws that would erode on their special rights granted upon them as equal partners. The percentage would further fall to 25% after the 1974 general election, and despite an increase in seats over the years, the percentage has remained almost constant ever since.[3]

Results

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats
ElectedAppointedTotal+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation794,57838.6259059+7
Malaysian Chinese Association377,96918.3727027+8
Malaysian Indian Congress31,7931.553030
Total1,204,34058.5389089+15
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Labour Party of Malaya212,54610.33202–4
Parti Ra'ayat103,0455.01000–2
Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan15,3070.74000New
Total330,89816.08202–6
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party301,18714.64909–4
United Democratic Party88,2234.29101New
People's Progressive Party69,8983.40202–2
People's Action Party42,1302.0511213New
Parti Negara7,3190.36000–1
United Sabah National Organisation 66New
Sarawak Heritage Party 66New
United National Kadazan Organisation  55New
Sarawak People's Front 55New
Sabah Chinese Association 44New
Sarawak National Party 44New
Sarawak Chinese Association 33New
Sarawak United Peoples' Party 33New
Parti Negara Sarawak 33New
Barisan Sosialis 33New
United Pasok Momogun Organisation 11New
Independents13,5090.66000–3
Total2,057,504100.0010455159+55
Valid votes2,057,50495.85
Invalid/blank votes89,1044.15
Total votes2,146,608100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,682,41680.03
Source: Nohlen et al., Singapore Elections[usurped], Singapore Elections[usurped]

By state

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Johore

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation123,91147.94110
Malaysian Chinese Association61,50223.8050
Total185,41371.74160
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Labour Party of Malaya50,56819.5600
Parti Ra'ayat6,7102.6000
Total57,27822.1600
United Democratic Party9,6423.730New
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party3,6731.4200
People's Action Party2,4560.950New
Total258,462100.00160
Valid votes258,46295.57
Invalid/blank votes11,9814.43
Total votes270,443100.00
Registered voters/turnout334,35980.88

Kedah

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation139,16956.46100
Malaysian Chinese Association29,82612.1020
Total168,99568.56120
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party61,86125.1000
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Labour Party of Malaya10,0124.0600
Parti Ra'ayat1,7820.7200
Total11,7944.7800
United Democratic Party3,8491.560New
Total246,499100.00120
Valid votes246,49995.74
Invalid/blank votes10,9734.26
Total votes257,472100.00
Registered voters/turnout336,85876.43

Kelantan

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party118,77056.868-1
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation89,71042.952+1
Malayan Peoples' Socialist FrontParti Ra'ayat4140.200New
Total208,894100.00100
Valid votes208,89495.92
Invalid/blank votes8,8754.08
Total votes217,769100.00
Registered voters/turnout271,73180.14

Malacca

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation35,54134.6420
Malaysian Chinese Association32,35731.542+1
Total67,89866.184+1
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Parti Ra'ayat16,82016.3900
Labour Party of Malaya10,65810.3900
Total27,47826.7800
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party3,7593.6600
People's Action Party3,4613.370New
Total102,596100.0040
Valid votes102,59696.98
Invalid/blank votes3,1923.02
Total votes105,788100.00
Registered voters/turnout125,58584.24

Negri Sembilan

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation41,17735.4530
Malaysian Chinese Association19,76717.0220
Malaysian Indian Congress7,9116.8110
Total68,85559.2760
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Labour Party of Malaya19,43316.7300
Parti Ra'ayat7,0516.0700
Total26,48422.8000
United Democratic Party11,4879.890New
People's Action Party5,4104.660New
People's Progressive Party1,3491.1600
Independents2,5782.2200
Total116,163100.0060
Valid votes116,16395.44
Invalid/blank votes5,5484.56
Total votes121,711100.00
Registered voters/turnout152,11480.01

Pahang

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation74,32371.0850
Malaysian Chinese Association10
Total60
Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front18,99618.1700
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party11,23710.7500
Total104,556100.0060
Valid votes104,55695.13
Invalid/blank votes5,3584.87
Total votes109,914100.00
Registered voters/turnout141,59277.63

Penang

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation57,61528.024+1
Malaysian Chinese Association39,58919.2520
Total97,20447.276+1
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Labour Party of Malaya42,57420.701-2
Parti Ra'ayat22,41210.9000
Total64,98631.601-2
United Democratic Party37,15118.071New
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party5,5272.6900
People's Action Party7780.380New
Total205,646100.0080
Valid votes205,64697.21
Invalid/blank votes5,9022.79
Total votes211,548100.00
Registered voters/turnout253,45583.47

Perak

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation99,12224.7990
Malaysian Chinese Association113,16428.318+3
Malaysian Indian Congress9,8552.4710
Total222,14155.5718+3
People's Progressive Party66,33016.592-2
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party41,94110.4900
Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front32,3398.0900
United Democratic Party26,0946.530New
Independents10,9312.730-1
Total399,776100.00200
Valid votes399,77695.84
Invalid/blank votes17,3444.16
Total votes417,120100.00
Registered voters/turnout524,48779.53

Perlis

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation23,00763.2520
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party13,36936.7500
Total36,376100.0020
Valid votes36,37695.88
Invalid/blank votes1,5644.12
Total votes37,940100.00
Registered voters/turnout46,49181.61

Selangor

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyMalaysian Chinese Association68,93225.445+2
United Malays National Organisation63,04323.266+1
Malaysian Indian Congress14,0275.1810
Total146,00253.8812+3
Malayan Peoples'
Socialist Front
Labour Party of Malaya54,55620.131–2
Parti Ra'ayat16,3476.030–2
Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan15,3075.6500
Total86,21031.811–4
People's Action Party30,02511.081New
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party6,5282.4100
People's Progressive Party2,2190.8200
Total270,984100.00140
Valid votes270,98495.23
Invalid/blank votes13,5814.77
Total votes284,565100.00
Registered voters/turnout388,21173.30

Terrengganu

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Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Alliance PartyUnited Malays National Organisation60,79256.525+4
Pan-Malayan Islamic Party34,52232.101-3
Parti Negara7,3196.810-1
Malayan Peoples' Socialist FrontParti Ra'ayat4,9194.5700
Total107,552100.0060
Valid votes107,55295.74
Invalid/blank votes4,7864.26
Total votes112,338100.00
Registered voters/turnout145,21777.36

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann (15 November 2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific : A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific. OUP Oxford. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-19-924959-6.
  2. ^ Thor, Venessa (25 April 2014). "Flashback Friday: PAP wins 1 seat in Malaysian General Election on April 25, 1964". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  3. ^ Haziq Mahmud, Aqil; S Bedi, Rashvinjeet. "IN FOCUS: Push for greater autonomy by Sabah and Sarawak is stronger than ever, but will they finally succeed?". CNA. Archived from the original on 14 September 2024. Retrieved 16 September 2024.

Sources

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