José Giral y Pereira (22 October 1879 – 23 December 1962) was a Spanish politician, who served as the 75th Prime Minister of Spain during the Second Spanish Republic.[1]
José Giral | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Prime Minister of Spain | |
| In office 19 July 1936 – 4 September 1936 | |
| President | Manuel Azaña |
| Preceded by | Diego Martínez Barrio |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Largo Caballero |
| Minister of State | |
| In office 17 May 1937 – 5 April 1938 | |
| Prime Minister | Juan Negrín |
| Preceded by | Julio Álvarez del Vayo |
| Succeeded by | Julio Álvarez del Vayo |
| Minister of the Navy | |
| In office 18 February 1936 – 22 August 1936 | |
| Prime Minister | Manuel Azaña Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Preceded by | Antonio Azarola Gresillón |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Matz Sánchez |
| In office 14 October 1931 – 12 June 1933 | |
| Prime Minister | Juan Negrín |
| Preceded by | Santiago Casares Quiroga |
| Succeeded by | Lluis Companys |
| Member of the Congress of Deputies | |
| In office 16 March 1936 – 31 March 1939 | |
| Constituency | Cáceres |
| In office 14 July 1931 – 9 October 1933 | |
| Constituency | Cáceres |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 22 October 1879 Santiago de Cuba |
| Died | 23 December 1962 (aged 83) Ciudad de Mexico |
Life
editGiral was born in Santiago de Cuba. He had degrees in Chemistry and Pharmacy from the University of Madrid. In 1905 he became professor of chemistry in the University of Salamanca. He founded Acción Republicana with Manuel Azaña. During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera he conspired against the regime, and was imprisoned three times. When the Second Republic was declared, he was named director of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and advisor of State. Between 1931 and 1933 he served as Minister of the Navy.
After the failure of Diego Martínez Barrio to form a government to restrain the military revolt of 17 July 1936, Azaña ordered Giral to form a new government constituted exclusively by republicans. This 133rd Prime Minister government lasted from 19 July to 4 September 1936. Then, with the fall of Talavera de la Reina and the Army of Morocco within reach of Madrid, Giral was forced to cede power to Francisco Largo Caballero.[2]
After the end of the Spanish Civil War he went to France, then to Mexico. In 1945 he succeeded Juan Negrín as prime minister of the Spanish Republican government in Exile until 1947.[3] He died in Mexico.
He married María Luisa González y de la Calle.
Cabinet
editMembers of Giral's cabinet of 19 July 1936 – 4 September 1936 were:[4][5]
| Ministry | Start | End | Officeholder | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premier | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | José Giral | Republican Left | |
| State (Foreign Affairs) | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Augusto Barcía Trelles | Republican Left | |
| Justice | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Manuel Blasco Garzón | Republican Union | |
| War | 19 July 1936 | 6 August 1936 | General Luis Castello Pantoja | Army | |
| 6 August 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Juan Hernández Saravia | Army | ||
| Navy | 19 July 1936 | 22 August 1936 | José Giral | Republican Left | |
| 22 August 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Francisco Maíz Sánchez | |||
| Interior | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | General Sebastián Pozas Perea | Army | |
| Finance | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Enrique Ramos Ramos | Republican Left | |
| Industry and Commerce | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Plácido Álvarez-Buylla Lozana | Republican Union | |
| Communications and Merchant Marine | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Bernardo Giner de los Ríos | Republican Union | |
| Public Works | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Antonio Velao Oñate | Republican Left | |
| Agriculture | 19 July 1939 | 4 September 1936 | Mariano Ruiz-Funes García | Republican Left | |
| Education and Fine Arts | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Francisco Barnés Salinas | Republican Left | |
| Labor, Health and Planning | 19 July 1936 | 4 September 1936 | Joan Lluhí | Republican Left of Catalonia |
References
edit- ^ Trueba, Adolfo Morales (2024), Harding, Richard; Guimerá, Agustín (eds.), "Spanish Naval Leadership during the Second Republic: José Giral Pereira", Sailors, Statesmen and the Implementation of Naval Strategy, Boydell and Brewer, pp. 141–158, doi:10.1017/9781805431343.009, ISBN 978-1-80543-134-3
- ^ Beevor 2006, p. 144.
- ^ Beevor 2006, p. 423.
- ^ Urquijo y Goitia 2008, pp. 128–129.
- ^ Pike 2011, p. 272.
Sources
edit- Beevor, Antony (2006). The Battle for Spain: the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303765-X.
- Pike, David Wingeate (2011). France Divided: The French and the Civil War in Spain. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-490-1. Retrieved 2015-08-27.
- Urquijo y Goitia, José Ramón de (2008). Gobiernos y ministros españoles en la edad contemporánea. Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. ISBN 978-84-00-08737-1. Retrieved 2015-08-27.