Icosane (alternative spelling eicosane) is an alkane with the chemical formula C20H42. It has 366,319 constitutional isomers.
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Icosane[1] | |
| Other names
Eicosane
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| 1700722 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.653 |
| EC Number |
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| MeSH | eicosane |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C20H42 | |
| Molar mass | 282.556 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless, waxy crystals |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Melting point | 36 to 38 °C; 97 to 100 °F; 309 to 311 K |
| Boiling point | 343.1 °C; 649.5 °F; 616.2 K |
| log P | 10.897 |
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
31 μmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
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602.5 J K−1 mol−1 (at 6.0 °C) |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
558.6 J K−1 mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | > 113 °C (235 °F; 386 K) |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Icosane has little use in the petrochemical industry, as its high flash point makes it an inefficient fuel. n-Icosane (the straight-chain structural isomer of icosane) is the shortest compound found in paraffin waxes used to form candles.
Icosane's size, state or chemical inactivity does not exclude it from the traits its smaller alkane counterparts have. It is a colorless, non-polar molecule, nearly unreactive except when it burns. It is less dense than and insoluble in water. Its non-polar trait means it can only perform weak intermolecular bonding (hydrophobic/van der Waals forces).
Icosane's phase transition at a moderate temperature makes it a candidate phase change material, or PCM which can be used to store thermal energy and control temperature.
It can be detected in the body odor of persons suffering from Parkinson's disease.[2]
Naming
editIUPAC currently recommends icosane,[3] whereas Chemical Abstracts Service and Beilstein use eicosane.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 59. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
- ^ Trivedi, Drupad K.; Sinclair, Eleanor; Xu, Yun; Sarkar, Depanjan; Walton-Doyle, Caitlin; Liscio, Camilla; Banks, Phine; Milne, Joy; Silverdale, Monty; Kunath, Tilo; Goodacre, Royston; Barran, Perdita (2019). "Discovery of Volatile Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease from Sebum". ACS Central Science. 5 (4): 599–606. doi:10.1021/acscentsci.8b00879. PMC 6487537. PMID 31041379.
- ^ "Table 11 Basic numerical terms (multiplying affixes)". IUPAC. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ "Footnote for Table 11". IUPAC. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
External links
edit- Icosane at Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases