The consort (or spouse) of the royal rulers of Lithuania and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was in all cases a woman and nearly all took the title of Grand Duchess.
Morta and her sister were the only Queens of Lithuania; her successors took the title of "Grand Duchess" instead.
The short-lived Kingdom of Lithuania of 1918 had a King-Elect Mindaugas II of Lithuania: but his first wife, Duchess Amalie in Bavaria, had died six years earlier, and his second marriage, to Princess Wiltrud of Bavaria, occurred six years after the Kingdom was replaced by a Republic.
Grand Duchess of Lithuania
edit| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Grand Duchess | Ceased to be Grand Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | Morta | - | - | around 1219 | 1235 husband's accession |
1263 | Mindaugas | |
| - | Sister of Morta | - | - | after 1263 | 12 September 1263 husband's death |
- | ||
| - | Ramunė [1][2] |
Mindaugas (Mindaugas) |
- | 1254/5 | 1267 husband's accession |
1269 husband's death |
- | Shvarn |
| - | Ludmila of Masovia? | Konrad I of Masovia (Piast) |
1223 | 1238 | 1270 husband's accession |
1282 husband's death |
- | Traidenis |
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Grand Duchess | Ceased to be Grand Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vida | Vidmund | It is uncertain how many wives Gediminas had. The Bychowiec Chronicle mentions three wives: Vida from Courland; Olga from Smolensk; and Jaunė from Polotsk, who was Eastern Orthodox and died in 1344 or 1345.[3] Most modern historians and reference works say Gediminas' wife was Jaunė, dismissing Vida and Olga as fictitious, since no sources other than this chronicle mention the other two wives.[4] | Gediminas | |||||
| Olga Vsevolodovna of Smolensk | Vsevolod of Smolensk (Rurikids?) | |||||||
| Jaunė (Ievna Ivanovna of Polotsk) | Ivan Vsevolodich, Prince of Polotsk (Rurikids?) |
? | - | Winter of 1341 husband's death |
1344/5 | |||
| Maria Yaroslavna of Vitebsk | Yaroslav Vasilievich, Prince of Vitebsk (Rurikids?) |
? | 1318 | 1345 husband's accession |
before 1349 | Algirdas | ||
| Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver | Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver (Rurikids) |
1325 | 1350 | May 1377 husband's death |
Autumn of 1392 | |||
| Birutė | - | - | before 1349 | 3/15 August 1382 husband's death |
Fall 1382 | Kęstutis | ||
| Jadwiga of Poland | Louis I of Hungary (Anjou-Hungary) |
18 February 1373 | 18 February 1386 | 1392 power passed to Vytautas |
17 July 1399 | Jogaila | ||
| Anna | probably a Lithuanian noble or a Rurikid | ? | around 1370 | 4 August 1392 husband's accession |
31 July 1418 | Vytautas | ||
| Uliana Olshansky | Ivan Olshansky (Olshanski) |
? | 9 November 1418 | 27 October 1430 husband's death |
1448? | |||
| Anna of Tver | Ivan Ivanovich of Tver Rurikid |
? | 1430? | 1430? | 1 September 1432 power passed to Sigismund Kęstutaitis |
Between 1471 and 1484[5] | Švitrigaila | |
| Unknown | Unknown | - | January 1416 | 1 September 1432 husband's accession |
Middle 1434 | Sigismund Kęstutaitis | ||
| Elisabeth of Austria [6] |
Albert II of Germany (Habsburg) |
1435/36/possibly 1437 | 10 March 1454 | 7 June 1492 husband's death |
30 August 1505 | Casimir I | ||
| Helena of Moscow [6] |
Ivan III of Russia (Rurikids) |
19 May 1476 | 18 February 1495 | 19 August 1506 husband's death |
20 January 1513 | Alexander | ||
| Barbara Zápolya [6] |
Stephen Zápolya (Zápolya) |
1495 | 8 February 1512 | 2 October 1515 | Sigismund I | |||
| Bona Sforza [6] |
Gian Galeazzo Sforza (Sforza) |
13 February 1495 | 18 April 1518 in Wawel Cathedral |
1 April 1548 husband's death |
7 November 1558 | |||
| Elisabeth of Austria [6] |
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
9 July 1526 | 5 May 1543 | 15 June 1545 | Sigismund II Augustus | |||
| Barbara Radziwiłł [6] |
Jerzy Radziwiłł (Radziwiłł) |
6 December 1520 | 1547 | 8 May 1551 | ||||
| Catherine of Austria [6] |
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
15 September 1533 | 23 June 1553 | 28 February 1572 | ||||
Royal consort of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
edit| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Grand Duchess | Ceased to be Grand Duchess | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anna of Austria [6][7][8] |
Charles II, Archduke of Austria (Habsburg) |
16 August 1573 | 31 May 1592 | 10 February 1598 | Sigismund III | |||
| Constance of Austria [6] |
Charles II, Archduke of Austria (Habsburg) |
24 December 1588 | 11 December 1605 | 10 July 1631 | ||||
| Cecilia Renata of Austria [6] |
Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
16 July 1611 | 13 September 1637 | 24 March 1644 | Władysław IV | |||
| Ludwika Maria Gonzaga [6] |
Charles I of Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua (Gonzaga) |
18 August 1611 | 5 November 1645 | 15 July 1646 | 20 May 1648 husband's death |
10 May 1667 | ||
| 30 May 1649 | 10 May 1667 | John II | ||||||
| Eleonora Maria Josefa of Austria [6] |
Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
31 May 1653 | 27 February 1670 | 10 November 1673 husband's death |
17 December 1697 | Michael | ||
| Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien [6] |
Henri Albert de La Grange d'Arquien (La Grange) |
28 June 1641 | 5 July 1665 | 19 May 1674 husband's election |
17 June 1696 husband's death |
1 January 1716 | John III | |
| Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth [6][9] |
Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Hohenzollern) |
19 December 1671 | 20 January 1693 | 15 September 1697 husband's coronation |
1 September 1706 husband's abdication |
4 September 1727 | Augustus II, 1st reign | |
| Catherine Opalińska [6] |
Jan Karol Opaliński (Opaliński) |
13 October 1680 | 10 May 1698 | 12 July 1704 husband's election |
1709 husband's desposation |
19 March 1747 | Stanisław I, 1st reign | |
| Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth [6][9] |
Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (Hohenzollern) |
19 December 1671 | 20 January 1693 | 1709 husband's restoration |
4 September 1727 | Augustus II, 2nd reign | ||
| Catherine Opalińska [6] |
Jan Karol Opaliński (Opaliński) |
13 October 1680 | 10 May 1698 | 1733 husband's restoration |
1736 husband's abdication |
19 March 1747 | Stanisław I, 2nd reign | |
| Maria Josepha of Austria [6][9] |
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
8 December 1699 | 20 August 1719 | 1734 husband's election |
17 November 1757 | Augustus III | ||
Notes
edit- ^ Also Kneginja of Galicia.
- ^ Also Kneginja of Kholm.
- ^ (in Lithuanian) Ivinskis, Zenonas (1953–1966). "Jaunė". Lietuvių enciklopedija. Vol. IX. Boston, Massachusetts: Lietuvių enciklopedijos leidykla. p. 335. LCCN 55020366.
- ^ Vytautas Spečiūnas, ed. (2004). "Jaunutis". Lietuvos valdovai (XIII-XVIII a.): enciklopedinis žinynas (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas. pp. 38, 46. ISBN 5-420-01535-8.
- ^ Matusas, Jonas (1991). Švitrigaila Lietuvos didysis kunigaikštis (2nd ed.). Vilnius: Mintis. p. 166. ISBN 5-417-00473-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Also Queen consort of Poland.
- ^ Also Queen consort of Sweden.
- ^ Also Grand Duchess consort of Finland.
- ^ a b c Also Electress and Duchess consort of Saxony.