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Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz–Tagle (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈðwaɾðo alˈfɾeðo ˈxwam beɾˈnaɾðo ˈfɾej rwis ˈtaɣle]; born 24 June 1942) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer who served as president of Chile from 1994 to 2000. He was also a Senator, fulfilling the role of President of the Senate from 2006 to 2008. He attempted a comeback as the candidate of the ruling Concertación coalition for the 2009 presidential election, but was narrowly defeated. His father was Eduardo Frei Montalva, president of Chile from 1964 to 1970.
Eduardo Frei Ruiz–Tagle | |
|---|---|
 Official portrait, 1994 | |
| 31st President of Chile | |
| In office 11 March 1994 – 11 March 2000 | |
| Preceded by | Patricio Aylwin |
| Succeeded by | Ricardo Lagos |
| Member of the Senate of Chile | |
| In office 11 March 2006 – 11 March 2014 | |
| Preceded by | Gabriel Valdés Subercaseaux |
| Succeeded by | Alfonso de Urresti |
| Constituency | North Los Lagos Region |
| In office 11 March 1990 – 11 March 1994 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | María Elena Carrera |
| Constituency | East Santiago |
| President of the Senate of Chile | |
| In office 11 March 2006 – 11 March 2008 | |
| Preceded by | Sergio Romero Pizarro |
| Succeeded by | Adolfo Zaldívar |
| Senator for life | |
| In office 11 March 2000 – 11 March 2006 | |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Eduardo Alfredo Juan Bernardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 24 June 1942 Santiago, Chile |
| Nationality | Chilean, Swiss |
| Political party | Christian Democratic |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Verónica Cecilia Magdalena Catalina |
| Relatives | Carmen Frei (Sister) |
| Alma mater | University of Chile |
| Occupation | Civil engineer |
| Signature |  |
His presidency was marked by a consolidation of Chile's transition to democracy albeit the indictment and arrest of Augusto Pinochet in his last year of government heated up national politics. Economically, he oversaw a period of rapid economic growth that was only temporarily stunted by the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
In the 2020s he has taken political positions different from those of the Christian Democratic Party aligning more with the views of centrist and right-wing parties in the constitutional referendums of 2022 and 2023.[1]
Early life
editFrei was born in Santiago to Eduardo Frei Montalva and María Ruiz-Tagle Jiménez. He received all his schooling at the Luis Campino Institute. He then attended the University of Chile, where he graduated as a civil engineer, specializing in hydraulics. After graduation, he followed advanced courses in management in Italy.
Political career
editFrei took his first steps in politics while at the university, where he was a student leader. In 1958, he joined the Christian Democrat party, and in 1964 participated actively in his father's successful presidential campaign. Between 1969 and 1988 he concentrated on his profession, as one of the partners of Sigdo Koppers S.A., the largest engineering company in Chile.
In 1988 Frei founded and promoted the Comité Pro Elecciones Libres ("Committee for the promotion of free elections"). In 1989, he was elected Senator for Santiago, obtaining the highest number of votes in the whole country. In the Senate, he presided over the Treasury and Budget Commission and was a member of the Housing Commission.
Presidency
edit| The Frei Ruiz-Tagle Cabinet | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Office | Name | Party | Term |
| President | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle | DC | 11 March 1994–11 March 2000 |
| Interior | Germán Correa | PS | 11 March 1994–20 September 1994 |
| Carlos Figueroa Serrano | DC | 20 September 1994–11 March 2000 | |
| Raúl Troncoso | DC | 1 August 1998–11 March 2000 | |
| Foreign Affairs | Carlos Figueroa Serrano | DC | 11 March 1994–20 September 1994 |
| José Miguel Insulza | PS | 20 September 1994–22 July 1999 | |
| Juan Gabriel Valdés | PS | 22 July 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Defense | Edmundo Pérez Yoma | DC | 11 March 1994–16 January 1998 |
| Raúl Troncoso | DC | 16 January 1998–1 August 1998 | |
| José Florencio Guzmán | DC | 1 August 1998–22 June 1999 | |
| Edmundo Pérez Yoma | DC | 22 June 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Finance | Eduardo Aninat | DC | 11 March 1994–3 December 1999 |
| Manuel Marfán | PS | 3 December 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Gen. Sec. of the Presidency | Genaro Arriagada | DC | 11 March 1994–28 September 1996 |
| Juan Villarzú | DC | 28 September 1996–1 August 1998 | |
| John Biehl | Ind. | 1 August 1998–29 July 1999 | |
| José Miguel Insulza | PS | 29 July 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Gen. Sec. of Government | Víctor Manuel Rebolledo | PPD | 11 March 1994–20 September 1994 |
| José Joaquín Brunner | PPD | 20 September 1994–1 August 1998 | |
| Jorge Arrate | PS | 1 August 1998–22 June 1999 | |
| Carlos Mladinic | DC | 22 June 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Economy | Álvaro García Hurtado | PPD | 11 March 1994–1 August 1998 |
| Jorge Leiva Lavalle | PPD | 1 August 1998–11 March 2000 | |
| Social Development | Luis Maira | PS | 11 March 1994–28 September 1994 |
| Roberto Pizarro Hofer | PS | 28 September 1994–19 May 1998 | |
| Germán Quintana | DC | 19 May 1998–11 March 2000 | |
| Education | Ernesto Schifelbein | Ind. | 11 March 1994–20 September 1994 |
| Sergio Molina Silva | DC | 20 September 1994–28 September 1996 | |
| José Pablo Arellano | DC | 28 September 1996–11 March 2000 | |
| Justice | Soledad Alvear | DC | 11 March 1994–16 December 1999 |
| José Antonio Gómez | PRSD | 16 December 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Labor | Jorge Arrate | PS | 11 March 1994–1 August 1998 |
| Germán Molina Valdivieso | PPD | 1 August 1998–11 March 2000 | |
| Public Works | Ricardo Lagos | PPD | 11 March 1994–11 March 1998 |
| Jaime Tohá | PS | 11 March 1998–11 March 2000 | |
| Health | Carlos Massad | DC | 11 March 1994–7 August 1996 |
| Álex Figueroa | DC | 7 August 1996–11 March 2000 | |
| Housing & Urbanism | Edmundo Hermosilla | DC | 11 March 1994–24 July 1997 |
| Sergio Henríquez | Ind. | 27 July 1997–11 March 2000 | |
| Agriculture | Emiliano Ortega | DC | 11 March 1994–28 September 1996 |
| Carlos Mladinic | DC | 28 September 1996–22 July 1999 | |
| Ángel Sartori | DC | 22 July 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Mining | Benjamín Teplizky | PRSD | 11 March 1994–3 August 1997 |
| Sergio Jiménez Moraga | PRSD | 3 August 1997–11 March 2000 | |
| Transport & Telecom | Narciso Irureta | DC | 11 March 1994–28 September 1996 |
| Claudio Hohmann | Ind. | 28 September 1996–11 March 2000 | |
| National Assets | Adriana Delpiano | PPD | 11 March 1994–13 April 1999 |
| Jorge Heine | PPD | 13 April 1999–13 August 1999 | |
| Sergio Galilea | PPD | 13 August 1999–11 March 2000 | |
| Environment | Alejandro Jadresic | Ind. | 11 March 1994–5 January 1998 |
| Álvaro García Hurtado | PPD | 5 January 1998–1 August 1998 | |
| Jorge Leiva Lavalle | PPD | 1 August 1998–24 November 1998 | |
| Óscar Landerretche | PS | 24 November 1998–11 March 2000 | |
| Women | Josefina Bilbao | Ind. | 11 March 1994–11 March 2000 |
In 1992, Frei participated in the presidential primary election of his coalition, defeating Ricardo Lagos, and then went on to win the presidential elections of 1993 by securing 58% of the votes cast.[2]
He took office on 11 March 1994 and was succeeded by Lagos in 2000. Frei's presidency was notable in making improvements in health and education as well as reducing poverty.[3]
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, had particularly good relations with his Argentine counterpart Carlos Menem.[4] During Frei's ternure the Laguna del Desierto territorial dispute with Argentina was solved, albeit the arbitrage favoured the Argentine position.[4]
Following the end of his presidency, Frei assumed, as a former President, a seat as senator-for-life in Congress.
Return to the Congress
editSince constitutional reforms in 2005 abolished life senators from 2006, Frei ran for and won an elected Senate seat in the December 2005 parliamentary elections in the electoral district of Valdivia Province and Osorno Province, together with Andrés Allamand. On 11 March 2006, Frei became President of the Senate, like his father, who was also President of the Senate after being President of the Republic.
Frei, whose grandfather Eduardo Frei Schlinz had emigrated to Chile from Switzerland, obtained Swiss citizenship in February 2009.[5][6][7][8][9]
In 2009–2010 elections, Frei ran for the presidency of Chile for a second time, again as the candidate of the centre-left Concertación center-coalition, promising continuity of the popular outgoing President Michelle Bachelet's path.[10] Some of his presidential campaign banners and billboards pictured him, accompanied by Bachelet over his left shoulder. In the first round of the elections, held on 13 December 2009, Frei held 29.60% of the official vote, second to his opponent Sebastián Piñera, who led with 44.05%. Since neither candidate received more than half of the total votes, a runoff election was held on Sunday, 17 January 2010. The first preliminary results announced by the Deputy Interior Ministry at 21:00 GMT on election day gave Piñera 51.87% and Frei holding 48.12%. Frei conceded[11] to Piñera at 21:44 GMT.
In a graceful exit from the campaign, Frei stated,
"The election is over and Chileans have shown civic maturity.... The results clearly show the solidity of our democracy. It has been clean and transparent in line with our tradition. I want to congratulate Pinera, to whom most Chileans have given their trust for the next four years."[12]
Styles, honours and arms
edit| Presidential styles of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle | |
|---|---|
| Reference style | His Excellency |
| Spoken style | Your Excellency |
| Alternative style | Mr. President |
National honours
editGrand Master (1994–2000) and Collar of the Order of Merit
Grand Master (1994–2000) and Collar of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins
Foreign honours
editPeru:
Commander of the Order of the Sun (Peru)
Italy:
Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (19 July 1995)
Croatia:
Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ("For outstanding achievements in promoting the development of friendship and fruitful cooperation in political, cultural and economic development between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Chile, and in promoting peace, democracy, stability and international cooperation in the world on the basis of the principles of the UN Charter and the provisions of international law." – 8 November 1994)
Malaysia:
Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (1995)[13]
Poland:
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
Spain:
Knight of the Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, 3 March 1995[14]
- Member of the Club de Madrid,[15] an independent non-profit organization created to promote democracy and change in the international community, composed by more than 100 members: former democratic Heads of State and Government from around the world.
Uruguay
Arms
edit-
As Knight of the Collar of the Order of the Seraphim
References
edit- ^ El expresidente Eduardo Frei, a favor de la nueva Constitución de Chile: “No es un voto por la extrema derecha” El País.
- ^ South America, Central America and the Caribbean 2002. Psychology Press. 2001. ISBN 9781857431216.
- ^ http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/eduardo_frei_ruiz_tagle Archived 2011-01-17 at the Wayback Machine>
- ^ a b "La estrecha relación de Menem con Chile:Sus opositores decían que era "prochileno"". Emol (in Spanish). El Mercurio. 14 February 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Swiss citizenship for Chile's Frei criticised". swissinfo. 14 January 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ^ "Wird ein Schweizer Präsident von Chile?". Berner Zeitung (in German). 9 January 2010. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
- ^ "¿Un suizo, el próximo Presidente de Chile?". Swissinfo (in Spanish). 12 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ "Schweizer Pass für Eduardo Frei". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). 12 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ "El candidado chileno Frei tiene desde hace dos meses la nacionalidad suiza" (in Spanish). Agence France-Presse. 9 January 2010. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
- ^ "PREVIEW-Chile right seen ousting left in first since Pinochet". Reuters. 9 December 2009.
- ^ Gardner, Simon (17 January 2010). "Chile's Frei concedes defeat to Pinera in vote". Reuters.
- ^ China Daily Billionaire Sebastian Pinera wins Chile presidency
- ^ "Semakan Penerima Darjah Kebesaran, Bintang, dan Pingat Persekutuan".
- ^ Royal Decree 334/1995. Spanish Official Journal
- ^ Club de Madrid is an independent non-profit organization created to promote “Democracy that Delivers”. It is composed of more than 100 Members, all democratic former presidents and prime ministers from around the world.
- ^ "Resolución N° 709/996". www.impo.com.uy. Retrieved 27 November 2020.