The Eastern Harbour Crossing (Chinese: 東區海底隧道), abbreviated as "EHC" (Chinese: 東隧), is a combined road-rail tunnel that crosses beneath Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong. Opened on 21 September 1989, it is the second harbour-crossing tunnel built and the longest amongst the three. It connects Quarry Bay on Hong Kong Island and Cha Kwo Ling in Kowloon East.
 Entrance to Eastern Harbour Crossing at Cha Kwo Ling in July 2008 | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Location | Beneath Victoria Harbour, between Quarry Bay and Lam Tin (near Cha Kwo Ling) |
| Coordinates | 22°17′58.15″N 114°13′51.97″E / 22.2994861°N 114.2311028°E |
| Status | Active |
| System | Part of Route 2  |
| Start | Quarry Bay |
| End | Lam Tin (near Cha Kwo Ling) |
| Operation | |
| Opened | 21 September 1989[1] |
| Owner | Hong Kong Government (Road Tunnel) MTR Corporation (Superficies and Track Tunnel) |
| Operator | Pacific Infrastructure Limited[2] |
| Traffic | Vehicular and Rail |
| Character | immersed tube |
| Vehicles per day | 71471 (2022) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 2.29 kilometres (1.42 mi) |
| No. of tracks | 2 tracks (1 per direction) in train tunnel |
| No. of lanes | 4 lanes (2 lanes per direction) in road tunnel with 6 lanes (3 lanes per direction) on exit |
| Track gauge | 1,432 mm (4 ft 8+3⁄8 in) |
| Operating speed | 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph) (within road tunnel) 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) (exit and entrance to road tunnel) |
 | |
| Eastern Harbour Crossing | |
|---|---|
| Part of Route 2 | |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Quarry Bay |
2 in total; Route 4 at Quarry Bay | |
| East end | Lam Tin (near Cha Kwo Ling) |
| Location | |
| Country | China |
| Special administrative region | Hong Kong |
| Major cities | Kwun Tong, Quarry Bay |
| Highway system | |
| Eastern Harbour Crossing | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 東區海底隧道 | ||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 东区海底隧道 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
History
editInitially, the Government of Hong Kong had plans to build a bridge across the eastern portion of the harbour but due to fears of the bridge blocking planes landing at Kai Tak airport, this was shelved in favour of a tunnel.[3]
In 1986, the New Hong Kong Tunnel Company Limited won the bidding for this contract, and was given the right to run the road tunnel on a 30-year franchisee, and the train tunnel on an 18-years-and-6 months franchisee counting from the first rail operating date.[4] Construction started on 25 September 1986, and was commissioned on 21 September 1989, four months earlier than the original planned finishing date. The first person to cross the tunnel was the then-Governor of Hong Kong Sir David Wilson.[5]
The tunnel was officially opened by the then Prince of Wales Charles on the 8 November of the same year during his and Princess of Wales Diana's Royal Tour to Hong Kong.[5]
In February 2008, the 18-and-6 months franchisse for the train tunnel expired and was transferred to the government. The government continued leasing the tunnel to the MTR Corporation until 2013, when it was acquired by the MTR Corporation for only HK$1,000, a deal made in the 2000 when the MTR Corporation was undergoing its partial privatisation process.[6]
On 7 August 2016, the 30-year franchisee for the road tunnel expired and the ownership was transferred to the government. The Eastern Harbour Crossing Ordinance was repealed alongside the franchisee's expiry and is instead replaced by the Road Tunnels (Government) Ordinance as the tunnel is now owned by the government.[4] Pacific Infrastructure Limited was granted a new contract to continue operating the tunnel.
On 27 August 2023, the HKeToll was implemented for the Eastern Harbour Crossing. The toll plaza on the Kowloon side was subsequently demolished gradually.
Tunnel Composition
editThe tunnel consists of two components, the road part and the rail part:
- The road part of the tunnel is branded by the operator as the Eastern Harbour Tunnel, although the government refers to the tunnel itself as the Eastern Harbour Crossing. The tunnel was governed by the Eastern Harbour Crossing Ordinance until 7 August 2016, which it was repealed when the 30-year franchisee expired. It is now instead governed by the Road Tunnels (Government) Ordinance as it is now owned by the government. The road part links the Island Eastern Corridor on Hong Kong Island, Lei Yue Mun Road, Tseung Kwan O Tunnel, Tseung Kwan O——Lam Tin Tunnel and the Kwun Tong Bypass in Kowloon East.
- The rail part, lying to the southeast of the road part, runs between Quarry Bay and Yau Tong stations of the MTR Tseung Kwan O line. It is owned and operated by the MTR Corporation.
Usage
editThe Eastern Harbour Crossing is the second most-used tunnel in Hong Kong.
| Year | Total Traffic | Average Daily Traffic |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 26,087,021 | 71,471 |
| 2021 | 28,988,802 | 79,421 |
| 2020 | 26,376,844 | 72,068 |
| 2019 | 28,823,264 | 78,968 |
| 2018 | 28,485,605 | 78,043 |
| 2017 | 28,173,747 | 77,188 |
| 2016 | 27,730,541 | 75,767 |
| 2015 | 27,546,065 | 75,469 |
| 2014 | 26,657,699 | 73,035 |
| 2013 | 26,317,796 | 72,104 |
| 2012 | 25,883,548 | 70,720 |
| 2011 | 25,374,790 | 69,520 |
| 2010 | 24,648,289 | 67,530 |
| 2009 | 22,990,195 | 62,987 |
| 2008 | 23,137,619 | 63,218 |
| 2007 | 23,361,921 | 64,005 |
| 2006 | 22,268,743 | 61,010 |
| 2005 | 23,310,701 | 63,865 |
| 2004 | 26,893,049 | 73,478 |
| 2003 | 26,018,772 | 71,284 |
| 2002 | 26,789,599 | 73,396 |
| 2001 | 27,227,360 | 74,596 |
| 2000 | 26,435,435 | 72,228 |
| 1999 | 25,116,703 | 68,813 |
| 1998 | 25,914,641 | 70,999 |
| 1997 | 31,321,427 | 85,812 |
| 1996 | 32,256,922 | 88,134 |
| 1995 | 31,530,828 | 86,386 |
| 1994 | 31,778,701 | 87,065 |
| 1993 | 29,192,003 | 79,978 |
| 1992 | 24,983,737 | 68,262 |
| 1991 | 17,794,630 | 48,752 |
| 1990 | 11,733,837 | 32,147 |
| 1989 | 2,326,493 | 23,035 |
Tunnel Tolls
editTolls are collected by HKeToll in both directions on both sides.[7]
Current Tolls
edit| Category | Vehicle Type | Tolls |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Motor cycles & motor tricycles | HK$8-16[note 1] |
| 2 | Private cars | HK$20-40[note 2] |
| 3 | Taxis | HK$25 |
| 4 | Public and Private light buses | HK$50 |
| 5 | Light goods vehicles[note 3] | |
| 6 | Medium goods vehicles[note 4] | |
| 7 | Heavy goods vehicles[note 5] | |
| 8 | Public and Private Single-decked buses[note 6] | |
| 9 | Public and Private Double-decked buses[note 7] | |
| 10 | Each additional axle in excess of two | Free |
Historical Tolls
edit| Category | Vehicle Type | 21 September 1989 to 31 December 1997 |
1 January 1998 to 30 April 2005 |
1 May 2005 to 16 February 2019 |
17 February 2019 to 1 August 2023 |
2 August 2023 to 27 August 2023 (4am) |
27 August 2023 (5am) to 17 December 2023 (5am) |
From 17 December 2023 (5am) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Motor cycles & motor tricycles | HK$5 | HK$8 | HK$13 | HK$8-16[note 8] | ||||
| 2 | Private cars | HK$10 | HK$15 | HK$25 | HK$30 | HK$20-40[note 9] | |||
| 3 | Taxis | HK$25[note 10] | HK$25 | ||||||
| 4 | Public and Private light buses | HK$15 | HK$23 | HK$38 | HK$50 | ||||
| 5 | Light goods vehicles [note 11] | ||||||||
| 6 | Medium goods vehicles [note 12] | HK$20 | HK$30 | HK$50 | |||||
| 7 | Heavy goods vehicles[note 13] | HK$30 | HK$45 | HK$75 | HK$50 | ||||
| 8 | Single-decked buses | Non-franchised | HK$20 | HK$30 | HK$50 | HK$50 | |||
| Franchised | Free | ||||||||
| 9 | Double-decked buses | Non-franchised | HK$30 | HK$45 | HK$75 | HK$75 | HK$50 | ||
| Franchised | Free | ||||||||
| 10 | Each additional axle in excess of two | Franchised buses | HK$10 | HK$15 | HK$25 | Free | Free | ||
| Other Vehicles | HK$25 | ||||||||
Interchanges
edit| Eastern Harbour Crossing | ||
| Westbound exits | Exit number | Eastbound exits |
| End of Route 2 intersects with Island Eastern Corridor | ||
| End Eastern Harbour Crossing |
Start Eastern Harbour Crossing | |
| Tai Koo Shing,Sai Wan Ho, Shau Kei Wan, Chai Wan,Siu Sai Wan, Stanley, Shek O Island Eastern Corridor |
1A | no exit |
| Quarry Bay, North Point, Causeway Bay, Happy Valley, Aberdeen Island Eastern Corridor |
1B | no exit |
| no exit | 1C | Tseung Kwan O, Lam Tin Interchange Tseung Lam Highway |
| Eastern Harbour Crossing | ||
| Start Eastern Harbour Crossing |
End Eastern Harbour Crossing continues as Lei Yue Mun Road | |
Transport
editAs of 2018[update], there are 46 bus routes passing through the tunnel.
Controversies
editIn June 2005, CITIC decided to raise the toll for using Eastern Harbour Crossing from HK$15 to HK$25 for private vehicles and up to 67% for other classes of vehicles, under the fare adjustment mechanism derived from the build-operate-transfer (BOT) model.[12] This increase aroused criticisms that the model was detrimental to the public interest, with the increase shifting more traffic to the already congested Cross-Harbour Tunnel.
Notes
edit- ^ Toll-varying
- ^ Toll-varying
- ^ Including special purpose vehicles of a permitted gross vehicle weight not exceeding 5.5 tonnes
- ^ Including special purpose vehicles (other than an articulated vehicle) of a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 5.5 tonnes but not exceeding 24 tonnes
- ^ Including special purpose vehicle (other than an articulated vehicle) of a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 24 tonnes
- ^ Toll fees are exempted for franchaised buses
- ^ Toll fees are exempted for franchaised buses
- ^ Toll-varying
- ^ Toll-varying
- ^ HK$15 for non-passenger carrying taxis using manual toll
- ^ Including special purpose vehicles of a permitted gross vehicle weight not exceeding 5.5 tonnes
- ^ Including special purpose vehicles (other than an articulated vehicle) of a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 5.5 tonnes but not exceeding 24 tonnes
- ^ Including special purpose vehicle (other than an articulated vehicle) of a permitted gross vehicle weight exceeding 24 tonnes
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Transport in Hong Kong – Tunnels and Bridges". Transport Department of the Government of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 10 March 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2012.
- ^ . Transport Department of the Government of Hong Kong https://www.td.gov.hk/filemanager/en/content_5010/contact_tunnels_control_areas_operators_revised.pdf. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 May 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Connecting HK Island to Kowloon 1961 report proposing a bridge or tunnel? – The Industrial History of Hong Kong Group". industrialhistoryhk.org. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Hong Kong e-Legislation". www.elegislation.gov.hk. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ a b "東網光影：89年東隧通車 專營權去年屆滿". on.cc東網 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 3 September 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "值15億東隧鐵路贈港鐵 - 東方日報". orientaldaily.on.cc. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ "Hong Kong's Eastern Harbour Tunnel set for new HKeToll system on Sunday". 24 August 2023.
- ^ "Toll Rates of Road Tunnels and Lantau Link". Transport Department. Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Toll Rates of Road Tunnels". Transport Department. Archived from the original on 3 August 2021. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Toll Rates of Road Tunnels". Transport Department. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Time-varying Toll Plans Summary Table" (PDF). Transport Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Ng, Dennis (4 May 2005). "Toll hike ignites call for government to take control". The Standard. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007. Retrieved 27 October 2006.
External links
edit| Preceded by Southern Terminus |
Hong Kong Route 2 Eastern Harbour Crossing |
Succeeded by Lei Yue Mun Road |